ASCE Manual 98 00 2000

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Manual of Practice No. 98: Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASCE	2000	193

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Description

The treatment of water and wastewater results in the production of residual solids that must be handled. These solids typically are concentrated to reduce the water content before their beneficial use or disposal. As these solids are further processed and handled, their intrinsic properties—such as viscosity, rheology, flowability, and texture—change. Although much as been written to describe the chemical characteristics of these residuals, only limited information has been complied describing their handling characteristic and appropriate means of transport. The objective of this manual is to provide a reference document that the practitioner can use to determine the handling characteristics of residuals and to select appropriate conveyance systems. The monograph has been organized into nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the manual and describes a procedure for classifying residuals according to their transport properties. Chapter 2 describes the rheology, the types of water associated with the solids, and transport properties. Chapter 3 discusses the composition and characteristics of residuals as a function of how they are generated. Chapter 4 provides a comprehensive compilation of the types of equipment available for residuals transport, with photographs and illustrations. Chapters 5 through 8 provide guidance on the type of equipment that can be used for each of the major classifications of residuals: non-Newtonian slurries, thickened residuals, dewatered residuals, and granular and compactable residuals. Chapter 9 presents four case studies, highlighting lessons learned from actual operating installations.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
6	Contents
10	Foreword
11	Acknowledgments
12	1 INTRODUCTION Purpose
13	Scope
14	Contents of the Manual
15	Description of the Classified Residuals
19	Equipment Used in Processing Residuals
23	Evaluation of Alternative Conveyance Methods References
24	2 RHEOLOGY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN SLUDGE Introduction Distribution of Water
27	Bound Water in Sludge
31	Sludge Rheology
32	Newtonian Fluids
33	Non-Newtonian Fluids
36	Identification of Rheological Behavior of Wastewater Sludges
38	Theoretical Approach To Define Suspension Viscosity, and Its Applicability to Water and Wastewater Sludges
41	Conclusion References
44	3 SLUDGE SOURCES, COMPOSITION, AND CHARACTERISTICS Introduction Wastewater Sludge: Source, Composition, and Quantity Primary Sludge
45	Secondary Sludge
48	Wastewater Sludge Characteristics
49	Physical Properties
50	Primary Sludge Secondary Sludge
51	Mixed Sludges Effects of Chemical Precipitation Primary Sludge Secondary Sludge
52	Effects of Chemical Conditioning Primary Sludge Secondary Sludge Mixed Sludge
53	Effects of Anaerobic and Aerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Digestion
54	Effect of Thermal Conditioning
55	Water Treatment Plant Residuals Sources and Quantities
57	Characteristics
58	Effect of Various Processes
60	References
62	4 OVERVIEW OF RESIDUALS CONVEYANCE DEVICES Introduction Centrifugal Pumps
63	Non-Clog Pumps
64	Recessed Impeller Pumps
66	Combination Screw/Centrifugal Pumps
67	Disc Pumps
69	Positive Displacement Pumps Progressing Cavity Pumps
72	Plunger Pumps
73	Hydraulically Driven Piston (Ram) Pumps
77	Rotary Pumps
79	Peristaltic Pumps
81	Diaphragm Pumps
84	Conveyor Systems Belt Conveyor
88	Chain Conveyor
93	Bucket Elevators
96	Screw Conveyor
98	Shaftless/Ribbon Pneumatic
100	References
102	5 PUMPING OF NON-NEWTONIAN SLUDGES AND SLURRIES Introduction
105	Head Losses in Pumped Systems: 3-12% TS
113	Head Losses in Pumped Systems: 20-30% TS Field Pumping Studies
116	References
118	6 TRANSPORT OF THICKENED RESIDUALS Introduction Applicability Definition and Sources of Thickened Residuals
119	Cross-Reference Chart Pumping Equipment
120	Pumping Considerations Centrifugal Pumps
122	Positive Displacement Pumps
125	Other Kinds of Pumps
126	Transport Equipment Belt Conveyors Screw Conveyors
127	Bulk Transport Equipment Truck Train Ship
128	Equipment Selection Preferred Equipment
130	Design Concerns
131	References
134	7 CONVEYANCE OF DEWATERED RESIDUALS Introduction and Scope
135	Rationale for Classification of Dewatered Residuals Low to Medium Viscosity
136	Medium to High Viscosity
137	Ranking the Conveyance Alternatives Rationale
140	Problems Other Considerations for Selection
141	Pumping Viscous Sludges and Slurries Conveying Systems
143	Pipeline Lubrication for Head-Loss Control
147	Pipeline Design
148	Transporting Low- to Medium-Viscosity Residuals Belt Conveyors
149	Screw Conveyors Progressing Cavity Pump
150	HDP or Ram Pump
151	Pneumatic Conveyor Dump Truck or Container Transporting Medium- to High-Viscosity Residuals Belt Conveyors
152	Screw Conveyors Progressing Cavity Pumps
153	HDP or Ram Pumps Pneumatic Transport
154	Dump Truck or Container Summary References
156	8 TRANSPORT OF GRANULAR AND COMPACTABLE RESIDUALS Introduction Application and Classification of Compactable and Granular Residuals Definition of Compactable Residuals
157	Definition of Granular Residuals
158	Transport Equipment Recommended for Compactable Solids Shaftless and Ribbon Screw Conveyors
162	Drag Conveyors Belt Conveyors: Conventional, Sidewall, Cleated, Pinch
164	Transport Equipment Not Recommended for Compactable Solids Bucket Elevators Conventional Screws
165	Pumps Transport Equipment Recommended for Granular Solids Screw Conveyors
167	Belt Conveyors
168	Bucket Elevators
169	Pneumatic Conveyance
171	Drag Conveyors
172	Transport Equipment Not Recommended for Granular Solids Pumps Equipment Selection and Recommendations Testing Operational Considerations
173	Potential Problems and Risks
174	Recommendations
176	9 CASE HISTORIES Overview Philadelphia Water Department: Liquid Sludge Transport
178	Shore Facilities Biosolids Barges
179	Cargo Handling
180	Electrical Requirements Cape May County Municipal Utilities Authority: Cake Conveyors
181	Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners: Dewatered Cake Conveyance
184	Lower Potomac Pollution Control Plant: Cake Pumping
188	References
190	Index A B C
191	D E F G H I L M N
192	O P R S
193	T U V W Y

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Standard Title	Manual of Practice No. 98: Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment
Published Code	ASCE
Publication Date	2000
Pages Count	193

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