BS ISO 15686-4:2014

This part of ISO 15686 provides information and guidance on the use of standards for information exchange for service life planning of buildings and constructed assets and their components as well as the required supporting data.

It provides guidance on structuring information from existing data sources to enable delivery of their information content in a structure that conforms to international standards for information exchange. In particular, reference is made to ISO 16739. The Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) standard for the exchange of facility information in tabular data are used as an alternative representation. COBie is a tabular representation of a handover view of the IFC schema.

It is also applicable to the exchange of service life information between categories of design and information management software applications that have standards-based information exchange interfaces including:

1. Building construction Information Modelling (BIM);

2. Computer Aided Facilities Management (CAFM).

Excluded from this part of the standard are

• information exchange using proprietary methods, and

• processing and analysis of data within individual software applications, though examples are provided.

The main target audience is the Information manager who will use the framework to assist in structuring the International, national or project/facility level BIM guidance document.

This Standard specifies the structure and representation of service life data. It is focused on key exchange requirements underlying the common transactions.

This document may be used for a variety of purposes

1. to achieve and maintain a common understanding within the national and project contexts;

2. to establish the desired outcomes and to define appropriate quality;

3. to identify appropriate management effort and tools;

4. to identify necessary effort and resourcing.

Service life planning involves the application of data about elements within a building or constructed assets to enable their design, predicted or estimated service life to be determined and communicated. Buildings are increasingly designed using Building Information Modelling (BIM), an approach that can provide a specification of all the objects in building and how they are aggregated into parts, assemblies and systems. An architect or engineer can define the objects using BIM; it is anticipated that the actor having the service life planning role will apply service life data to these objects and make the data available for other purposes through the use of data exchange standards.

Using information exchange standards to describe the structure of service life planning information is important because it normalizes the way in which service life information should be delivered from source to user so that relevant different attributes can be exchanged and a range of software applications can be used to capture the information.

1.1 Process map

The process map (see Figure 1) shows the key sequence of information exchanges and places the information exchanges in context, identifying the sending and receiving roles. It is based on the process map for design given in ISO 15686-1:2011, Annex B, and the management plan given in ISO 15686-3.

In summary, ISO 15686-2, ISO 15686-8, ISO 15686-5 and ISO 15686-7 define four processes which use service life data.

• ISO 15686-2 (Testing): Product and testing are brought together to obtain the service life characteristics.

• ISO 15686-8 (Prediction): The characteristics are brought into a specific context to obtain a predicted service life.

• ISO 15686-5 (Costing): The predicted or measured service life is used with cost or environmental impact rates to obtain a life cycle cost or assessment.

• ISO 15686-7 (In-use inspection): The context factors are revised to reflect in-use surveys.

Figure 1 Exchange requirements detailed in this part and their relationship to other parts

The process map document covers the determining of the service life of a type of product (during early design stages) and of occurrences of products of a particular type (during later design stages, construction and operation/maintenance).

NOTE The data requirements for ISO 15686-7 (In-Use inspection) are used in Clause 7 and Annex B.

1.2 Data requirements

The determination of service life is undertaken at various times during the design, construction and operation of a project. During the early design stages when product information is aggregated a level such as the whole building or as specifications of whole systems; it is only the design life of a product that can be determined. At the earliest design stages when only product occurrences are defined, design life is estimated at the occurrence level. At later design stages, when individual products are located and these products are designated by type, design life can be indicated for all occurrences at the type level. Similarly, when individual products are identified, it becomes possible to determine a reference service life when a manufacturer/supplier can be identified. As with design life, reference service life can be allocated to the product type level.

At later design stages and during construction, when the configuration and location of products has been fully established, it becomes possible to analyse the service life of products according to ‘in use’ conditions. These conditions can vary the reference service life depending on factors such as exposure to weather, aggressiveness of the local environment and other degrading (or upgrading) factors. The result of applying in-use conditions is to define an estimated service life which is simply the length of time of a product occurrence lifecycle.

Finally, the condition of a product occurrence can be checked from time to time during the operational stage. From the condition of the product, a residual service life can be assessed. If degradation is more than has been expected, the residual service life is reduced to less than the value that might have been expected from the estimated service life.

The overall data requirements for the process are summarized in Figure 2.

Figure 2 The ‘service life planning view’

Clause 4 of this part of ISO 15686 defines the data requirements to identify the product.

Clause 5 suggests the data required for the specification/selection of product.

Clause 6 adds the testing regimen and the key service life metrics.

Clause 7 adds the context and the predicated estimated service life.

Clause 8 adds the impacts (to date and predicted) for stages in the life cycle value.

Clause 9 suggests a representation where uncertainty and ranges of values are relevant.

Annex A provides a formal representation for Service Life definition.

Annex B provides a formal representation for Service Life factors.

Annex C provides a formal representation for Environmental and Economic Impact measures.

Annex D offers example calculations.

1.3 IFC support for service life planning

IFC contains support for a wide range of building and construction topics. The information needed for service life planning and related topics is supported by specific objects (entity types) in the schema (e.g. an object handling functional measures’), but also as general objects handling the technical performance of building components and systems, property information (e.g. material) about the building components, information about needed measures of care and maintenance etc.

There are several concepts captured in the IFC schema that are relevant to service life planning and that can be applied in a specific subset (view) of the IFC schema about service life planning. These include the following. See Table 1.

Table 1

Concepts in IFC relevant to service life and impact assessment

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
6	Foreword
7	Introduction
9	Section sec_1 1 Scope
10	Section sec_1.1 Figure fig_1 1.1 Process map
11	Section sec_1.2 Figure fig_2 1.2 Data requirements
12	Section sec_1.3 Table tab_1 1.3 IFC support for service life planning
13	Section sec_2 Section sec_3 Section sec_3.1 Section sec_3.2 Section sec_3.3 Section sec_3.4 Section sec_3.5 Section sec_3.6 Section sec_3.7 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions
14	Section sec_4 Section sec_4.1 Section sec_4.2 Section sec_4.3 Table tab_2 4 Product definition 4.1 General 4.2 Required data 4.3 Product type
15	Table tab_3 Section sec_4.4 Table tab_4 4.4 Product occurrence
16	Table tab_5 Section sec_4.5 Table tab_6 4.5 Product origination
17	Table tab_7
18	Section sec_4.6 Table tab_8 4.6 Classification
19	Table tab_9 Section sec_5 Section sec_5.1 5 Product specification and selection 5.1 General
20	Section sec_5.2 Table tab_10 Table tab_11 Section sec_5.3 5.2 Functional measures and quantities 5.3 Selection and performance characteristics
21	Table tab_12 Table tab_13 Section sec_6 Section sec_6.1 Section sec_6.2 Section sec_6.3 6 Product reference service life 6.1 General 6.2 Required data 6.3 Service life characteristics
22	Table tab_14
23	Table tab_15
24	Section sec_7 Section sec_7.1 7 Product estimated service life 7.1 General
25	Section sec_7.2 Section sec_7.3 Table tab_16 7.2 Required data 7.3 Context factors for evaluations
26	Table tab_17 Section sec_8 Section sec_8.1 8 Product impacts 8.1 General
27	Section sec_8.2 Section sec_8.3 Table tab_18 8.2 Required data 8.3 Impacts
28	Table tab_19
30	Section sec_9 Section sec_9.1 Section sec_9.2 Table tab_20 Table tab_21 Section sec_9.3 Section sec_9.3.1 9 Representation of uncertainty 9.1 General 9.2 Certain data 9.3 Uncertain data
31	Table tab_22 Figure fig_3 Table tab_23
32	Table tab_24 Section sec_9.3.2 Table tab_25
33	Figure fig_4 Table tab_26
34	Table tab_27
36	Annex sec_A Annex A (normative) Property set template for service life
37	Annex sec_B Annex B (normative) Property set template for service life context
38	Annex sec_C Annex C (normative) Property set template for environmental impact values
39	Annex sec_D Annex sec_D.1 Annex sec_D.2 Annex sec_D.3 Annex D (informative) Example using data from Clauses 6 to 9
40	Annex sec_D.4
41	Reference ref_1 Reference ref_2 Reference ref_3 Reference ref_4 Reference ref_5 Reference ref_6 Reference ref_7 Reference ref_8 Reference ref_9 Reference ref_10 Reference ref_11 Reference ref_12 Reference ref_13 Reference ref_14 Reference ref_15 Reference ref_16 Reference ref_17 Reference ref_18 Reference ref_19 Reference ref_20 Bibliography Bibliography
42	Reference ref_21 Reference ref_22 Reference ref_23 Reference ref_24 Reference ref_25 Reference ref_26 Reference ref_27 Reference ref_28 Reference ref_29 Reference ref_30

Pages	46
Service life Service life factors	Can be applied to any physical object either as a single occurrence or an aggregation or assembly of physical objects acting as a single object. A service life can have one or more related service life factors according to the ISO 15686 factor method. The term ‘physical object is used here to identify the difference between an object that has physical existence as opposed to an abstract object such as a cost or constraint.
Descriptors	Construction systems, Construction works, Buildings, Design, Maintenance, Mathematical calculations, Building maintenance, Life (durability), Costs, Purchasing, Planning, Cost accounting, Life cycle, Forecasting
Identical National Standard Of	ISO 15686-4:2014
Quantity sets	IFC has a capability to associate measured quantities (for example count, distance or weight measures) to an object where it is not possible to measure that quantity from the representation used or were there are specific national rules that need to be applied for quantity measurement.
Property sets	Properties are additional attributes that can be defined and captured in an IFC model. Properties are typically grouped into named collections called property sets. Property sets can be used as a basis for storing external data or for delivering data from an external data source.
Standard Number	BS ISO 15686-4:2014
ISBN	978 0 580 75295 7
Publication Date	2014-01-31
Committee	CB/101
Publisher	BSI
Material	A material definition can be related to a physical object
Title	Building Construction. Service Life Planning – Service Life Planning using Building Information Modelling
Status	Revision Underway
Condition	The current condition of physical objects can be determined by applying one or more condition criteria. Condition can be determined using either subjective assessment (e.g. condition on a scale from 1 to 10 where 10 is good and 1 is bad) or by objective assessment using measured values.
Impact	One or many economic or environmental impacts can be associated with physical product or process objects. Impacts are associated to specific stages in the life cycle.
ICS Codes	91.040.01 - Buildings in general