ASHRAE Standard 15 34 2022

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ASHRAE Standard 15-2022 (packaged w/ Standard 34-2022) — Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems and Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (ANSI Approved)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2022	166

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Description

ASHRAE Standard 15 specifies requirements for the safe design, construction, installation, and operation of refrigeration systems. The 2022 edition is the largest update ever and includes major changes to the use of non-A1 refrigerants, new overpressure protection, new piping requirements, updated volume and refrigerant charge limit calculations, refrigerant detector/detection and mitigation actions and more. ASHRAE Standard 34 describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants, and it assigns safety classifications and refrigerant concentration limits based on toxicity and flammability data. The 2022 edition of the standard adds safety designations for twenty new refrigerants, modernizes submission application requirements for new refrigerants, and is updated to capture flammability limits used for non-A1 refrigerant maximum charge calculations.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2022
3	Contents
4	Foreword
5	1. Purpose 2. Scope 2.1 This standard establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements. 2.2 This standard applies to 2.3 This standard shall not apply to refrigeration systems using ammonia (R-717) as the refrigerant. 2.4 This standard does not apply to residential refrigeration systems serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit complying with ASHRAE Standard 15.2 2. 3. Definitions 3.1 Defined Terms
10	3.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initialisms 4. Occupancy Classification 4.1 Locations of refrigerating systems are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerant as follows. 4.2 Equipment, other than piping, located outside a building and within 20 ft (6.1 m) of any building opening shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the building. 5. Refrigerating System Classification 5.1 Refrigerating Systems. Refrigerating systems are defined by the method employed for extracting or delivering heat as follows (see Figure 5-1).
11	Figure 5-1 Refrigerating system designation. 5.2 Refrigeration System Classification. For the purpose of applying the data shown in ASHRAE Standard 34 3, Table 4-1 or 4-2, a refrigerating system shall be classified according to the degree of probability that a leakage of refrigerant will enter …
12	5.3 Changing Refrigerant. Changes of refrigerant in an existing system to a refrigerant with a different refrigerant designation shall only be allowed where in accordance with Sections 5.3.1 through 5.3.4. 6. Refrigerant Safety Classification 6.1 Refrigerants shall be assigned safety classifications in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34 3. 6.2 Refrigerants with a refrigerant number designation in the referenced edition of ASHRAE Standard 34 3 shall use the indicated toxicity classification and flammability classification when a safety group classification is assigned by ASHRAE Standard 34 6.3 Refrigerants without a refrigerant number designation or without a safety group classification in the referenced edition of ASHRAE Standard 34 3 shall be classified in accordance with the criteria in ASHRAE Standard 34, whether as a single-compou… 7. Restrictions on Refrigerant Use 7.1 General. The occupancy, refrigerating system, and refrigerant safety classifications cited in this section shall be determined in accordance with Sections 4, 5, and 6, respectively. 7.2* Volume Calculations
14	7.3 Refrigerant System Charge Limits. The EDVC shall be calculated in accordance with this section. All refrigeration systems shall follow the compliance path in Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2 and the limitation of Section 7.3.2.
15	Figure 7-1 Refrigerant system charge limit compliance path—Part 1.
16	Figure 7-2 Refrigerant system charge limit compliance path—Part 2.
18	7.4 Location in a Machinery Room or Outdoors. All components containing refrigerant shall be located either in a machinery room or outdoors, where the quantity of refrigerant needed exceeds the limits defined by Sections 7.2 and 7.3. Refrigeration sy… 7.5 Additional Restrictions
20	7.6 Group A2L Refrigerants for Human Comfort. High-probability systems using Group A2L refrigerants for human comfort applications shall comply with this section.
21	Table 7-1 Refrigerant Charge Limit (Mdef), lb (I-P)
22	Table 7-2 Refrigerant Charge Limit (Mdef), kg (SI)
23	Table 7-3 LFL Conversion Factor
25	Table 7-4 Required Ventilation for A2L Systems a Table 7-5 Lower Flammability Limit Conversion Factor
26	7.7 Group A2L Refrigerants for Refrigeration Systems Other Than Human Comfort. High-probability systems using Group A2L refrigerants for other than human comfort applications shall comply with Sections 7.7.1 through 7.7.5.
27	7.8 Group A2 Refrigerants for Refrigeration Systems Other than Human Comfort. High-probability systems using Group A2 refrigerants for other than human comfort applications shall comply with this section. Refrigeration systems using Group A2 refriger… 8. Installation Restrictions 8.1 Foundations. Foundations and supports for condensing units or compressor units shall be of noncombustible construction and capable of supporting loads imposed by such units. Isolation materials, such as rubber, are permissible between the foundat… 8.2 Guards. Moving machinery shall be guarded in accordance with approved safety standards 14. 8.3 Safe Access. A clear and unobstructed approach and space shall be provided for inspection, service, and emergency shutdown of condensing units, compressor units, condensers, stop valves, and other serviceable components of refrigerating machinery… 8.4 Water Connections. Water supply and discharge connections shall be made in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ. 8.5 Electrical Safety. Electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code® 4 (NFPA 70) and the requirements of the AHJ. 8.6 Gas Fuel Equipment. Gas fuel devices and equipment used with refrigerating systems shall be installed in accordance with approved safety standards and the requirements of the AHJ. 8.7 Air Duct Installation. Air duct systems of air-conditioning equipment for human comfort using mechanical refrigeration shall be installed in accordance with approved safety standards, the requirements of the AHJ, and the requirements of Section 8… 8.8 Refrigerant Parts in Air Duct. All field-installed refrigerant-containing parts, including joints, of a refrigerating system located in an air duct carrying conditioned air to and from an occupied space shall be constructed to withstand a tempera… 8.9 Refrigerating Machinery Room, General Requirements. When a refrigerating system is located indoors and a machinery room is required by Section 7.4, the machinery room shall be in accordance with the following provisions.
28	8.10 Machinery Room, Special Requirements. In cases specified in the rules of Section 7.4, a refrigerating machinery room shall meet the following special requirements in addition to those in Section 8.9:
29	8.11 Machinery Room, Special Requirements, A2L and B2L. When a refrigeration system is located indoors, and a machinery room is required by Section 7.4.3, machinery rooms shall comply with Sections 8.11.1 through 8.11.7.
30	Table 8-1 Refrigerant Detector Set Points, Response Times, Alarms, and Ventilation Levels Table 8-2 Level 1 Ventilation Rate for Class 2L Refrigerants
31	Table 8-3 Calculation Method Equations a
32	Figure 8-1 (a) Level 2 ventilation rate for Class 2L refrigerants (I-P) with (b) detail.
33	Figure 8-2 (a) Level 2 ventilation rate for Class 2L refrigerants (SI) with (b) detail.
34	8.12 When a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 ft (6.1 m) from building openings and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to, or other open structure, natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. The requirements for such natur… 8.13 Purge Discharge. The discharge from purge systems shall be governed by the same rules as pressure relief devices and fusible plugs (see Section 9.7.8) and shall be piped in conjunction with these devices. 9. Design and Construction of Equipment and Systems 9.1 Materials 9.2 System Design Pressure
35	9.3 Refrigerant-Containing Pressure Vessels
36	9.4 Pressure Relief Protection
37	9.5 Setting of Pressure Relief Devices 9.6 Marking of Relief Devices and Fusible Plugs 9.7 Pressure Vessel Protection
39	Table 9-1 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) lb/[ft2·min] (I-P)
43	Table 9-2 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) kg/[m2·s] (SI)
47	Table 9-3 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) lb/[ft2·min] (I-P) Table 9-4 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) kg/[m2·s] (SI) Table 9-5 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) lb/[ft2·min] (I-P) Table 9-6 Relief Device Refrigerant Capacity Factors (f) kg/[m2·s] (SI)
49	Figure 9-1 External projected area examples for common pressure equipment.
51	9.8 Positive Displacement Compressor Protection. Every positive displacement compressor with a stop valve in the discharge connection shall be equipped with a pressure relief device of adequate size and pressure setting, as specified by the compresso…
52	Informative Table 9-7 Atmospheric Pressure at Nominal Installation Elevation (Pa) 9.9 Pressure Limiting Devices
53	9.10 Refrigerant Piping, Valves, Fittings, and Related Parts 9.11 Joints and Connections
54	Table 9-8 Refrigerant Piping Materials Table 9-9 Refrigerant Pipe Fittings Table 9-10 Copper Swaged Cup Depths
55	Table 9-11 Allowable Joints 9.12 Refrigerant Pipe Installation
57	Table 9-12 Shaft Ventilation Velocity
58	9.13 Refrigerating System Testing
59	Table 9-13 Duration of Leak Test 9.14 Components Other than Pressure Vessels and Piping
60	9.15 Service Provisions 9.16 Factory Tests 9.17 Nameplate. Each unit system and each separate condensing unit, compressor, or compressor unit sold for field assembly in a refrigerating system shall carry a nameplate marked with the manufacturer’s name, nationally registered trademark or tra…
61	10. General Requirements 10.1 Signs and Identification 10.2 Charging, Withdrawal, and Disposition of Refrigerants. No service containers shall be left connected to a system except while charging or withdrawing refrigerant. Refrigerants withdrawn from refrigerating systems shall be transferred to approved… 10.3 Containers. Containers used for refrigerants withdrawn from a refrigerating system shall be as prescribed in the pertinent regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation and shall be carefully weighed each time they are used for this purpo… 10.4 Storing Refrigerant. The total amount of refrigerant stored in a machinery room in all containers not provided with relief valves and piping in accordance with Section 9.4 shall not exceed 330 lb (150 kg). Refrigerant shall be stored in approved… 10.5 Maintenance. Refrigerating systems shall be maintained by the user in a clean condition, free from accumulations of oily dirt, waste, and other debris, and shall be kept accessible at all times. 10.6 Responsibility for Operation and Emergency Shutdown. It shall be the duty of the person in charge of the premises on which a refrigerating system containing more than 55 lb (25 kg) of refrigerant is installed to provide a schematic drawing or pa…
62	11. Precedence with Conflicting Requirements 12. Listed Equipment 13. Normative References
65	Informative Appendix A: Explanatory Material
68	Informative Appendix B: Informative References
70	Informative Appendix C: Method for Calculating Discharge Capacity of Positive Displacement Compressor Pressure Relief Device
71	Table C-1 Constants for Calculating Discharge Capacity
72	Informative Appendix D: Typical Moody Friction Factors for Use in Relief Piping Line Length Limit Table D-1 Typical Moody Friction Factors (f) for Fully Turbulent Flow
73	Normative Appendix E: Allowable Equivalent Length of Discharge Piping Table E-1 Pressure Relief Valve Discharge Line Capacity (lb/min of air) of Various Discharge Line Lengths
80	Informative Appendix F: Emergencies in Refrigerating Machinery Rooms F1. Alarm Levels F2. Alternate Refrigerant Level Measurements
81	F3. Reentry into Refrigerating Machinery Rooms F4. Example Emergency Procedures
82	Informative Appendix G: Addenda Description Table G-1 Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2019
87	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022
90	Foreword 1. Purpose 2. Scope 3. Definitions 3.1 Defined Terms
94	3.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initialisms
95	4. Numbering of Refrigerants 4.1 The identifying numbers assigned to the hydrocarbons and halocarbons of the methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, butane, butene, and cyclobutane series are such that the chemical composition of the compounds can be explicitly determined fro…
96	4.2 For cyclic derivatives, the letter “C” is used before the identifying refrigerant numbers. 4.3 Ether-based refrigerants shall be designated with the prefix “E” (for ethers) immediately preceding the number.
97	Table 4-1 Refrigerant Data and Safety Classifications
101	Table 4-2 Data and Safety Classifications for Refrigerant Blends
116	4.4 Blends shall be identified by the designations assigned in this standard. Blends without assigned designations shall be identified by their compositions, listing the components in order of increasing normal boiling points separated by slashes, fo… 4.5 Miscellaneous organic compounds shall be assigned numbers in the 600 series in decadal groups, as outlined in Table 4-1, in serial order of designation within the groups. For the saturated hydrocarbons with four to eight carbon atoms, the number … 4.6 Inorganic compounds shall be assigned numbers in the 700 and 7000 series.
117	Table 4-3 Attached Group Suffixes 5. Designation 5.1 General. This section provides guidance on prefixes for refrigerants to improve uniformity in order to promote understanding. Both technical and nontechnical designations are provided to be selected based on the nature and audience of the use. 5.2 Identification. Refrigerants shall be identified in accordance with Section 5.2.1, 5.2.2, or 5.2.3. Section 5.2.1 shall be used in technical publications (for international uniformity and to preserve archival consistency), on equipment nameplates…
118	5.3 Other prefixes, including “ACFC” and “HFA,” for “alternative to chlorofluorocarbons” and “hydrofluorocarbon alternative,” respectively, shall not be used. Similarly, neither “FC” nor “CFC” shall be used as universal prefix… 5.4 The convention specified in Section 5.2.1 can be complemented with pertinent data, when appropriate, as a preferred alternative to composition designating prefixes in technical communications. For example, the first mention of R-12 in a discussio… 6. Safety Group Classifications 6.1 Refrigerants shall be classified into safety groups according to the following criteria.
119	Table 6-1 Flammability Classifications
121	Figure 6-1 Refrigerant safety group classification.
122	6.2 Other Standards. The safety group classification, in accordance with Section 6.1, is to be used in conjunction with other relevant safety standards, such as ASHRAE Standard 15 18. 7. Refrigerant Concentration Limit 7.1 Single-Compound Refrigerants. The refrigerant concentration limit (RCL) for each refrigerant shall be the lowest of the quantities calculated in accordance with Sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3, using data as indicated in Section 7.3 and adjusted… 7.2 Blends. The RCL for refrigerants comprising multiple compounds shall be determined by the method in Section 7.1. Where available, the blend toxicity data shall be used for individual parameter values in Section 7.1.1(a) through 7.1.1(d), and when…
123	7.3 Data for Calculations. The data used to calculate the RCL shall be taken from scientific and engineering studies or published safety assessments by governmental agencies or expert panels. The applications submitted under Section 9, or therein ref… 7.4 Unit Conversion 7.5 RCL Values. Refrigerants are assigned the RCLs indicated in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
124	8. Refrigerant Classifications 9. Application Instructions 9.1 Eligibility 9.2 Organization and Content. Separate applications shall be submitted for each refrigerant. Applications shall be organized into the following parts as further identified in Section 9.3 through Section 9.8:
125	9.3 Cover. The cover shall identify the applicant and primary contact, the refrigerant in accordance with Section 9.5.1, and the requested action. Requested actions may include assignment or revision of a designation, safety group classification, or… 9.4 Administrative Information 9.5 Designation Information. Applications for refrigerant designations shall contain the information identified in Sections 9.5.1 through Section 9.5.2.
127	9.6 Toxicity Information. Applications shall include the data identified in Sections 9.6.1 and 9.6.2. The sources for these data shall be identified, and the applicant shall provide copies if requested by the committee. The identified sources shall d… 9.7 Flammability Information. Applications for single-compound refrigerants and refrigerant blends shall include flammability test data and information identified in Normative Appendix B, Section B1.9. Applications for refrigerant blends shall also i…
128	9.8 Contaminants and Impurities. Identify contaminants and impurities, including isomeric and decomposition impurities, from manufacturing, transport, and storage known to increase the flammability or toxicity within the precision of the RCL. Also id… 9.9 Submission 10. Normative References
130	Informative Appendix A: Isomer Designation Examples Table A-1 Ethane Series Isomers Table A-2 Propane Series Isomers
131	Table A-3 Propene Series Isomers A1. Four-carbon example: HFC-365mfc CF3-CH2-CF2-CH3
132	Normative Appendix B: Details of Testing—Flammability B1. Flammability Testing Figure B-1 Test apparatus. B1.1 Test Conditions
133	Figure B-2 Spark electrodes. B1.2 When a refrigerant blend containing one or more flammable components is being examined, testing shall be conducted up to and including the point at which flame propagation is demonstrated. If no flame propagation is apparent, testing shall be co…
134	B1.3 When the ETFL60 of the flammable components is known, testing for the ETFL60 or the LFL shall begin at 1%, by volume, lower than the lowest ETFL60. When the ETFL60 is not known, testing shall begin at 1% refrigerant by volume. If the test of the… B1.4 The mass percent formulation of the tested blend shall be verified through gas chromatography to a tolerance of ±0.5 mass percent or one-fourth of the composition tolerance range, whichever is smaller. B1.5 Samples shall be introduced into the flammability test apparatus in the vapor phase in accordance with ASTM E681. Liquid samples of the refrigerant or blend composition to be tested shall be expanded into a suitable evacuated container such that… B1.6 If flame propagation is observed while the spark is still active (i.e., the spark is overdriving the test vessel), then the test shall be repeated using a spark duration of less than 0.4 seconds but at least 0.2 seconds. B1.7 All flammability tests shall be recorded using a video recorder. A playback device capable of freeze frame and single-frame advance shall be available during testing. A copy of the video recordings shall be submitted upon request of the committee. B1.8 Criterion for Determining Flame Propagation. A refrigerant-air concentration shall be considered flammable for flammability classification under this standard only if a flame propagation occurs in at least two of three flammability tests on that… B1.9 Flammability Test Data Required. Applications shall include test results determined in accordance with Section B1. Test conditions shall be controlled to the tolerances cited below. Applications shall include tabulated flammability test data for… B2. Fractionation Analysis B2.1 The applicant shall report results of a fractionation analysis made to determine vapor-phase and liquid- phase compositions of refrigerant blends under conditions of leakage (see Section B2.3) and successive charge/recharge conditions (see Secti…
135	B2.2 All fractionation analysis shall begin using the WCF. When application of the composition tolerances to the nominal formulation produces several possible WCF formulations, the applicant shall investigate all possible WCF formulations or provide … B2.3 The mass percent formulation of the tested blend shall be verified through gas chromatography to a tolerance of ±0.5 mass percent or one-fourth of the composition tolerance, whichever is smaller. B2.4 Leakage Testing. Refrigerant blends containing flammable components shall be evaluated to determine their WCFF formulations during storage/shipping or use. Experimental tests or computer/mathematical modeling shall be conducted to simulate leaks… B2.5 Leak/Recharge Testing. Refrigerant blends containing flammable components shall be evaluated to determine the fractionation effects of successive leakage and recharging on the composition of the blend. A container shall be charged to 15% of the …
136	B2.6 Fractionation Analysis Data Required. The applicant shall submit the following for each fractionation scenario:
137	Informative Appendix C: Informative References and Bibliography
138	Informative Appendix D: Refrigerant Data Table D-1 Refrigerant Data
142	Table D-2 Data for Refrigerant Blends
149	Informative Appendix E: Toxicity and Flammability Data for Single-compound Refrigerants Table E-1 Toxicity Table for Standard 34—ATEL, ODL, FCL, and RCL Values for Single-Compound Refrigerantsa (ppm v/v)
153	Informative Appendix F: Example Calculations for Heats of Combustion F1. Reaction Stoichiometry for a Refrigerant Blend F2. Heat of Combustion for a Refrigerant Blend
154	Table F-1 Sample Enthalpies of Formation
155	Informative Appendix G: Calculation of RCL And ATEL for Blends
156	G1. RCL for R-410A
157	Informative Appendix H: Examples of Composition Uniqueness H1. Example—Binary Blends
158	Table H-1 Two Binary Blends That Are Not Unique Figure H-1 Two binary blends that are not unique. Table H-2 Two Binary Blends That Are Unique Figure H-2 Two binary blends that are unique.
159	H2. Example—Ternary Blends Table H-3 Two Ternary Blends That Are not Unique Figure H-3 Two ternary blends that are not unique.
160	Table H-4 Two Ternary Blends That Are Unique Figure H-4 Two ternary blends that are unique.
161	Informative Appendix I: Recommended Significant Figures Reporting of Quantities in Applications to ASHRAE SSPC 34 I1. Recommended Significant Figures I2. Specification of Sources Table I-1 Recommended Significant Figures
162	Informative Appendix J: Addenda Description Table J-1 Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2019

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Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 15-2022 (packaged w/ Standard 34-2022) — Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems and Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (ANSI Approved)
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2022
Pages Count	166

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ASHRAE Standard 15 34 2022

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