ASTM-D276 2000

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D276-00a Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2000	15

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Categories: 59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general, ASTM

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Description

1.1 These test methods cover the identification of the following textile fibers used commercially in the United States:

1.2 Man-made fibers are listed in 1.1 under the generic names approved by the Federal Trade Commission and listed in Terminology D123, Annex A1 (except for fluorocarbon and polycarbonate). Many of the generic classes of man-made fibers are produced by several manufacturers and sold under various trademark names as follows (Note 1):

Note 1–The list of trademarks in does not include all brands produced in the United States or abroad and imported for sale in the United States. The list does not include examples of fibers from two (or more) generic classes of polymers spun into a single filament. Additional information on fiber types and trademarks is given in References ( 1,2, and 3 ).

1.3 Most manufacturers offer a variety of fiber types of a specific generic class. Differences in tenacity, linear density, bulkiness, or the presence of inert delustrants normally do not interfere with analytic tests, but chemical modifications (for such purposes as increased dyeability with certain dyestuffs) may affect the infrared spectra and some of the physical properties, particularly the melting point. Many generic classes of fibers are sold with a variety of cross-section shapes designed for specific purposes. These differences will be evident upon microscopical examination of the fiber and may interfere with the measurements of refractive indices and birefringence.

1.4 Microscopical examination is indispensable for positive identification of the several types of cellulosic and animal fibers, because the infrared spectra and solubilities will not distinguish between species. Procedures for microscopic identification are published in AATCC Method 20 and in References ( 4-12 ).

1.5 Analyses by infrared spectroscopy and solubility relationships are the preferred methods for identifying man-made fibers. The analysis scheme based on solubility is very reliable. The infrared technique is a useful adjunct to the solubility test method. The other methods, especially microscopical examination are generally not suitable for positive identification of most man-made fibers and are useful primarily to support solubility and infrared spectra identifications.

1.6 This includes the following sections:

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Scope
2	Referenced Documents Terminology
3	Summary of Test Method Significance and Use Sampling, Selection, Preparation, and Number of Specimens Reference Standards
4	Purity of Reagents Scope Precision and Bias FIG. 1
5	Scope Interferences Reagents Procedure FIG. 2
6	Report Precision and Bias TABLE 1
7	Scope Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials Preparation of Specimens Procedure Interpretation of Results Report Precision and Bias TABLE 2 FIG. 3
8	Scope Pycnometer Method Method Based on Archimedes’ Principle FIG. 4 FIG. 5
9	Precision and Bias Scope FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. 11 FIG. 12
10	Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials Calibration Procedure Report FIG. 13 FIG. 14
11	Precision and Bias Scope Precision and Bias TABLE 15 FIG. 15 FIG. 16
12	FIG. 17 FIG. 18 FIG. 19
13	FIG. 20 FIG. 21 FIG. 22 FIG. 23
14	FIG. 24 FIG. 25 FIG. 26
15	REFERENCES

Additional information

Nytril	Darvan
Spandex	Glospun, Lycra, Numa, Unel
Acetate (secondary)	Nylon
Triacetate	Arnel
Referenced Documents	2
Acetate	Acele, Aviscon, Celanese, Chromspun, Estron
Anidex	Anim/8
Olefin	Durel, Herculon, Marvess, Polycrest
Summary of Test Methods	4
Scope	1
Novoloid	Kynol
(Nylon) (other)	Rilsan(nylon 11), Qiana, StanylEnka,(Nylon 4,6)
Polyamide
Sampling, Selection, Preparation and Number of Specimens	6
Infrared Spectroscopy, Fiber Identification by	17-23
Flax	Saran
Cuprammonium	Bemberg
Acrylic	Acrilan, Courtelle, Creslan, Dralon, Orlon, Zefran
Jute	Vinal
Modacrylic	Dynel, Kanecaron, Monsanto SEF, Verel
Microscopical Examination, Fiber Identification by	9, 10
Polyester	Avlin, Beaunit, Blue C, Dacron, Encron, Fortrel, Kodel, Quintess, Spectran, Trevira, Vyoron, Zephran, Diolen, Vectran
Hemp	Triacetate
Saran	Enjay, Saran
Vinyon	Avisco, Clevyl, Rhovyl, Thermovyl, Volpex
Asbestos	Polyester
Terminology	3
Aramid	Arenka, Conex, Kevlar, Nomex, Twaron
Glass	Fiberglas, Garan, Modiglass, PPG, Ultrastrand
Birefringence by difference of refractive indices	34, 35
Cuprammonium rayon	Rayon (viscose)
Fluorocarbon	Teflon
Density	24- 27
Cotton	Ramie
	Section
Solubility Relationships, Fiber Identification Using	11-16
Reference Standards	7
(Nylon) 6, 6	Antron, Blue C, Cantrece, Celanese Phillips, Enka Nylon
Rayon	Avril, Avisco, Dynacor, Enka, Fiber 700, Fibro, Nupron, Rayflex, Suprenka, Tyrex, Tyron, Cordenka
Lyocell	Tencel
Lycocell	Vinyon
(Nylon) 6	Caprolan,Enka, Perlon, Zefran, Enkalon
Melting Point	28-33
ICS Codes	59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general

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