ASTM-E112:1996 Edition

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E112-96e1 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	1996	26

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Category: ASTM

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Description

ASTM E112-96e1

Historical Standard: Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

ASTM E112

Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of average grain size and include the comparison procedure, the planimetric (or Jeffries) procedure, and the intercept procedures. These test methods may also be applied to nonmetallic materials with structures having appearances similar to those of the metallic structures shown in the comparison charts. These test methods apply chiefly to single phase grain structures but they can be applied to determine the average size of a particular type of grain structure in a multiphase or multiconstituent specimen.

1.2 These test methods are used to determine the average grain size of specimens with a unimodal distribution of grain areas, diameters, or intercept lengths. These distributions are approximately log normal. These test methods do not cover methods to characterize the nature of these distributions. Characterization of grain size in specimens with duplex grain size distributions is described in Test Methods E1181. Measurement of individual, very coarse grains in a fine grained matrix is described in Test Methods E930.

1.3 These test methods deal only with determination of planar grain size, that is, characterization of the two-dimensional grain sections revealed by the sectioning plane. Determination of spatial grain size, that is, measurement of the size of the three-dimensional grains in the specimen volume, is beyond the scope of these test methods.

1.4 These test methods describe techniques performed manually using either a standard series of graded chart images for the comparison method or simple templates for the manual counting methods. Utilization of semi-automatic digitizing tablets or automatic image analyzers to measure grain size is described in Test Methods E1382.

1.5 These test methods deal only with the recommended test methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness of purpose of the materials tested.

1.6 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values, when listed, are in parentheses and may be approximate.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords

ALA grain size; anisotropy index; area fraction; ASTM grain size number; calibration; equiaxed grains; etchant; grain boundary; grains; grain size; intercept length; intersection count; non-equiaxed grains; twin boundaries

ICS Code

ICS Number Code n/a

DOI: 10.1520/E0112-96E01

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Scope
2	Referenced Documents Terminology
3	Significance and Use
4	Generalities of Application Sampling Test Specimens Calibration Preparation of Photomicrographs Comparison Procedure TABLE 1
5	FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3
6	FIG. 4 TABLE 2
7	TABLE 3
8	TABLE 4
9	General Intercept Procedures Heyn (4) Lineal Intercept Procedure TABLE 5 TABLE 6
11	Circular Intercept Procedures FIG. 5
12	FIG. 6
13	Statistical Analysis Specimens with Non-equiaxed Grain Shapes TABLE 7
14	Specimens Containing Two or More Phases or Constituents FIG. 7
15	Report Precision and Bias
16	Keywords A1. BASIS OF ASTM GRAIN SIZE NUMBERS A1.1 Descriptions of Terms and Symbols
17	A1.2 A1.3 A2. EQUATIONS FOR CONVERSIONS AMONG VARIOUS GRAIN SIZE MEASUREMENTS A2.1 A2.2
18	A2.3 A3. AUSTENITE GRAIN SIZE, FERRITIC AND AUSTENITIC STEELS A3.1 Scope A3.2 Establishing Austenite Grain Size
19	A3.3 Revealing the Grain Size
20	A3.4 Reporting the Grain Size A4. FRACTURE GRAIN SIZE METHOD A4.1 A4.2 A4.3 A4.4 A4.5 A4.6
21	A5. REQUIREMENTS FOR WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER-BASE ALLOYS A5.1 A6. APPLICATION TO SPECIAL SITUATIONS A6.1 A6.2 A6.3
22	X1. RESULTS OF INTERLABORATORY GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATIONS X1.1 X1.2 Procedure X1.3 Results TABLE X1.1 FIG. X1.1
23	TABLE X1.2 FIG. X1.2 FIG. X1.3 FIG. X1.4
24	FIG. X1.5 FIG. X1.6
25	X2. REFERENCED ADJUNCTS X2.1 REFERENCES FIG. X1.7