ASTM-E112:2004 Edition

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E112-96(2004)e1 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2004	26

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Category: ASTM

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Description

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of average grain size and include the comparison procedure, the planimetric (or Jeffries) procedure, and the intercept procedures. These test methods may also be applied to nonmetallic materials with structures having appearances similar to those of the metallic structures shown in the comparison charts. These test methods apply chiefly to single phase grain structures but they can be applied to determine the average size of a particular type of grain structure in a multiphase or multiconstituent specimen.

1.2 These test methods are used to determine the average grain size of specimens with a unimodal distribution of grain areas, diameters, or intercept lengths. These distributions are approximately log normal. These test methods do not cover methods to characterize the nature of these distributions. Characterization of grain size in specimens with duplex grain size distributions is described in Test Methods E 1181. Measurement of individual, very coarse grains in a fine grained matrix is described in Test Methods E 930.

1.3 These test methods deal only with determination of planar grain size, that is, characterization of the two-dimensional grain sections revealed by the sectioning plane. Determination of spatial grain size, that is, measurement of the size of the three-dimensional grains in the specimen volume, is beyond the scope of these test methods.

1.4 These test methods describe techniques performed manually using either a standard series of graded chart images for the comparison method or simple templates for the manual counting methods. Utilization of semi-automatic digitizing tablets or automatic image analyzers to measure grain size is described in Test Methods E 1382.

1.5 These test methods deal only with the recommended test methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness of purpose of the materials tested.

1.6 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values, when listed, are in parentheses and may be approximate.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.7 The paragraphs appear in the following order:

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Scope
2	Referenced Documents Terminology
3	Significance and Use
4	Generalities of Application Sampling Test Specimens Calibration Preparation of Photomicrographs Comparison Procedure TABLE 1
5	FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3
6	FIG. 4 TABLE 2
7	TABLE 3
8	TABLE 4
9	General Intercept Procedures TABLE 5 TABLE 6
10	Heyn (4) Lineal Intercept Procedure Circular Intercept Procedures
11	FIG. 5
12	Statistical Analysis FIG. 6 TABLE 7
13	Specimens with Non-equiaxed Grain Shapes FIG. 7
14	Specimens Containing Two or More Phases or Constituents
15	Report Precision and Bias
16	Keywords A1. BASIS OF ASTM GRAIN SIZE NUMBERS A1.1 Descriptions of Terms and Symbols A1.2 A1.3
17	A2. EQUATIONS FOR CONVERSIONS AMONG VARIOUS GRAIN SIZE MEASUREMENTS A2.1 A2.2 A2.3 A3. AUSTENITE GRAIN SIZE, FERRITIC AND AUSTENITIC STEELS A3.1 Scope A3.2 Establishing Austenite Grain Size
18	A3.3 Revealing the Grain Size
19	A3.4 Reporting the Grain Size
20	A4. FRACTURE GRAIN SIZE METHOD A4.1 A4.2 A4.3 A4.4 A4.5 A4.6 A5. REQUIREMENTS FOR WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER-BASE ALLOYS A5.1
21	A6. APPLICATION TO SPECIAL SITUATIONS A6.1 A6.2 A6.3 X1. RESULTS OF INTERLABORATORY GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATIONS X1.1 X1.2 Procedure X1.3 Results
22	FIG. X1.1 FIG. X1.2
23	FIG. X1.3 FIG. X1.4 TABLE X1.1
24	TABLE X1.2 FIG. X1.5 FIG. X1.6
25	X2. REFERENCED ADJUNCTS X2.1 REFERENCES FIG. X1.7