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ASTM-E1963:2009 Edition

ASTM-E1963:2009 Edition

$58.50

E1963-09 Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASTM 2009 21
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1.1 This guide covers practices for conducting plant toxicity tests using terrestrial plant species to determine effects of test substances on plant growth and development. Specific test procedures are presented in accompanying annexes.

1.2 Terrestrial plants are vital components of ecological landscapes. The populations and communities of plants influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Obviously, plants are the central focus of agriculture, forestry, and rangelands. Toxicity tests conducted under the guidelines and annexes presented herein can provide critical information regarding the effects of chemicals on the establishment and maintenance of terrestrial plant communities.

1.3 Toxic substances that prevent or reduce seed germination can have immediate and large impacts to crops. In natural systems, many desired species may be sensitive, while other species are tolerant. Such selective pressure can result in changes in species diversity, population dynamics, and community structure that may be considered undesirable. Similarly, toxic substances may impair the growth and development of seedlings resulting in decreased plant populations, decreased competitive abilities, reduced reproductive capacity, and lowered crop yield. For the purposes of this guide, test substances include pesticides, industrial chemicals, sludges, metals or metalloids, and hazardous wastes that could be added to soil. It also includes environmental samples that may have had any of these test substances incorporated into soil.

1.4 Terrestrial plants range from annuals, capable of completing a life-cycle in as little as a few weeks, to long-lived perennials that grow and reproduce for several hundreds of years. Procedures to evaluate chemical effects on plants range from short-term measures of physiological responses (for example, chlorophyll fluorescence) to field studies of trees over several years. Research and development of standardized plant tests have emphasized three categories of tests: ( 1 ) short-term, physiological endpoints (that is, biomarkers); ( 2 ) short-term tests conducted during the early stages of plant growth with several endpoints related to survival, growth, and development; and ( 3 ) life-cycle toxicity tests that emphasize reproductive success.

1.5 This guide is arranged by sections as follows:

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Scope
Referenced Documents
2 Terminology
3 Summary of Phytotoxicity Tests
Significance and Use
Apparatus
4 Test Material
5 Hazards
Test Organisms
6 TABLE 2
TABLE 1
7 Sample Handling and Storage
Calibration and Standardization
Test Conditions
8 Interference and Limitations
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
9 Calculations and Interpretation of Results
10 Precision and Bias
A1. SEEDLING EMERGENCE
A1.1 Scope and Application
A1.2 Method Summary
A1.3 Safety
11 A1.4 Apparatus and Equipment
A1.5 Procedure
12 A1.6 Interference and Limitations
A1.7 Calculations
A1.8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
A2. ROOT ELONGATION
A2.1 Scope and Application
A2.2 Method Summary
FIG. A1.1
13 A2.3 Safety
A2.4 Apparatus
A2.5 Procedure
14 A2.6 Interference and Limitations
A2.7 Calculations
A2.8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
A3. BRASSICA LIFE CYCLE
A3.1 Scope and Application
A3.2 Method Summary
FIG. A2.1
15 A3.3 Safety
A3.4 Equipment and Apparatus
A3.5 Procedure
16 A3.6 Interference and Limitations
A3.7 Calculation
A3.8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
A4. WOODY PLANT SPECIES GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
A4.1 Scope and Application
A4.2 Method Summary
A4.3 Safety
A4.4 Facilities and Equipment
17 A4.5 Procedure
18 A4.6 Interference and Limitations
19 A4.7 Calculation
A4.8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
REFERENCES

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