ASTM-F1166:2013 Edition

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F1166-07(2013) Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2013	228

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Categories: 47.020.01 - General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures, ASTM

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Description

ASTM F1166-07-Reapproved2013

Active Standard: Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities

ASTM F1166

Scope

1.1 This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and structures and for equipments, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.

1.1.1 The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equipments on the other.

1.2 The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and maintenance purposes.

1.3 Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range of 5th % females to 95th % males.

1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections and subsections:

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords

anthropometrics; ergonomics; human engineering (HE); human factors engineering (HFE); human systems integration (HSI)

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 47.020.01 (General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures)

DOI: 10.1520/F1166-07R13

Additional information

15.12	Information Signs
15.14	Graphical Schematics or Diagrams
15.15	Orientation Plans
15.16	Emergency Instructions
79	Mounting Heights for Common Electrical Fixtures
15.10	Load Weight Identification Labels
78	Mounting Heights for Bulkhead-Mounted Equipment in Passageways
15.11	Hazard Identification Signs
15.9	Safe Working Load Identification Labels
67	Control Mounting Height for Squatting Personnel
15.1	Design Criteria of Labels
75	Clearance in Front of Filing Cabinets
74	Mounting Height of Status Boards
73	Front Clearance Requirement for Lower Shelves
72	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves Requiring Vision Over the Top
71	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves Located Above a Cabinet
70	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves with Full Access
69	Required Dimensions for a Squatting Worker
15.13	Instruction Labels
68	Display Mounting Heights for Squatting Personnel
93	Vertical Ladder Dimensions
15.4	Component Labels on Consoles and Panels
90	Straight Run Ramp Dimensions
89	Stair Dimensions
88	Cargo and Ballast Transfer Consoles
87	Dimensions for Desktop Standing Console
15.2	Abbreviations
86	Multi-Tiered Seated Console
15.3	Symbols
85	Multi-Tiered Standing Console
84	Special Width Console
80	Direct Spatial Relationships Between Controls and Equipment
15.5	Equipment Identification Labels
83	Wraparound Seated Console
15.6	Electrical System Labels
82	Seated Single-Operator Console Dimensions
15.7	Room, Deck Space, and Void Identification Labels
81	Spatial Relationship of Fore and Aft Equipment to Controls and Displays on a Console Located Athwartship
15.8	Pipe Marker Labels
76	Workbench Dimensions
66	Required Dimensions for a Kneeling Worker
10.17	Bridge Design
59	Shock Current Intensities and Their Probable Consequences
167	Fluid Line Connection Recommendations
166	Suggested Cable Arrangement in a Junction Box
165	Cable Arrangements
164	Example of Alignment Pins
163	Access Opening Covers
162	Case Orientation
161	Use of Dollies
5.1	Principles of Control Design
65	Display Mounting Height for Kneeling Personnel
169	Safety Barriers
57	Opening Dimensions for Two-Hand Access
56	Opening Dimensions for Arm Access without Tools
55	Opening Dimensions for Single-Hand Access without Tools
54	Opening Dimensions for Single-Hand Access with Tools
53	Standing, Lateral Reach (Preferred Arm)
52	Standing, Forward Reach (Preferred Arm)
10.16	Consoles and Control Panels
168	Areas Not To Place Items on Bulkhead
92	Ramp with Switchback Turning Platform
160	Use of Hand Trucks
5.5	Coding of Controls
16.1	Design to Support Manual Material Lifting and Carrying
64	Control Mounting Height for a Kneeling Person
16.2	Weight Lifting
63	Display Mounting Height for Standing Personnel
16.3	Weight Carrying
5.6	Control Use and Design
62	Control Mounting Height for Standing Personnel
16.4	Design to Push for Manual Material Handling
61	Display Mounting Height for Seated Personnel
16.8	Crane Design
16.5	Design of Handles and Grasp Areas
5.4	Control Spacing
60	Minimum Speech Intelligibility Scores
16.6	Design of Auxiliary Hoisting and Carrying Devices
5.3	Control Movement
16.7	Hand Trucks and Wheeled Dollies
5.2	General Design Guidelines
91	Ramp with Turning Platform
50	Cross-Legged Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
77	Safe Reach Distances Over an Obstacle or Barrier
100	Extended Railing for Ladder Fall Protection (Side View)
104	Handle for Transition from a Ladder to an Intermediate Platform
103	Handles or Hand Grabs for Use as Ladder Extensions
11.1	Stairs, Ladders, and Ramps
102	Extended Railing and Cage for Ladder Fall Protection (Side View)
11.2	Stairs
101	Extended Railing and Cage for Ladder Fall Protection (Front View)
11.3	Ramps
11.5	Vertical Ladders with Safety Cages
13.18	Language
106	Dimensions for D-Ring Ladders
105	Recommended Design Criteria for Individual Rung Ladders
17.20	Pipe Flanges, Spools, and Blinds
Section and Subsections	Title
12.5	Alternative Valve Orientations
13.19	Feedback
12.6	Valve Manifolds
9.2	Static Anthropometric Data
13.15	Menus
19.2	Microphones
17.21	Test and Sample Points
8.2	Grouping Relationships—Principles of Arrangement
11.6	Vertical Ladders with Positive Fall Protection Devices
8.5	Position Relationships of Controls to Associated Displays and Alarms
11.7	Special Ladder Requirements
8.4	Position Relationships of Displays and Alarms
11.8	Handle/Hand Grab
8.3	Separating Groupings
19.1	Communication System Requirements
11.9	Individual Rung Ladders
13.16	Forms
19.5	Telephone Systems
8.1	Principles of Design
109	Special Handrail Design Dimensions
Appendix X1	Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Design Checklist
19.3	Headsets
108	Removable Handrail Dimensions
19.4	Loudspeakers
107	Fixed Handrail Design
9.1	General Design Requirements
11.4	Vertical Ladders
14.1	Noise
13.27	Input Devices
13.28	Cursors
13.23	Data Security
13.22	Error Management/Data Protection
13.25	Software
13.24	Help
13.21	Defaults
14.3	Lighting
13.17	Alarms
13.13	Graphic Controls
14.4	Whole-body Vibration and Shock
14.2	Indoor Climate
99	Extended Railing for Ladder Fall Protection (Front View)
98	Ladder and Climber Safety Device Dimensions
97	Cage Shape and Size
96	Caged Ladder Dimensions
95	Platform/Landing Dimensions for Vertical Ladder Penetration
13.26	Data Transmission/Messaging
Table	Title
13.20	Prompts
94	Dimensions for a Vertical Ladder Arrangement
13.3	Computer Displays
13.29	Printing
12.2	Valve Criticality and Location
12.3	Valve-Mounting Heights and Orientations: Handwheel Operated
12.4	Valve-Mounting Heights and Orientations: Lever-Operated Valves
13.12	Interactive Control
13.11	Data Entry
13.14	Windows
13.10	Audio Displays
12.1	General Design Requirements
13.5	Display Coding
13.4	Display Content
13.6	Dynamic Displays
13.7	Display Format
13.8	Textual Data Displays
13.9	Graphic Displays
13.1	General Design Requirements
13.2	System Operations
51	Standing, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
58	Thermal Temperature Limits
112	Dimensions for Rectangular Access Openings Installed in a Vertical Orientation Requiring a Step to Reach the Opening
129	Orientation and Reach from Ladder Perpendicular to Valves
128	Orientation and Reach from Ladder Parallel to Valves
7	Functional Evaluation of Types of Audio Signals
127	Mounting Position for Valve Levers and Handwheels Below Standing Surface
6	Character Sizes for Digital Displays
126	Physical Reach from a Stooping or Squatting Position
10.1	Basic Principles of Workplace Design
125	Direction of Travel for Valve Levers Accessible From One Side Only
10.5	Squatting Workstation
18.1	Safety Labels, Signs, and Excluded Area Markings
10.2	Seated Workstation
124	Mounting Heights for Lever-Operated Valves With Horizontal Stems
10.3	Standing Workstation
3	Minimum Spacing Between Two Controls
123	Mounting Heights for Lever-Operated Valves With Vertical Stems
10.4	Kneeling Workstation
2	Control Movement Expectations
18.6	Fluid Hazards
9	General Recommendations for Sound Loudness and Frequency
1	Recommended Manual Controls
10.14	Bulkhead-Mounted Equipment
18.5	Mechanical Hazards
21	Maximum Overhead Extended and Gripping Reach
10.7	Status Boards and File Cabinets
7.6	Alarm Requirements by IMO
20	Dimensions for a Seated Computer Workstation
10.8	Work Benches
7.5	Alarm Initiation Stations
10.9	Vertical Strainers and Filters
22	Selection of Access Type
18.2	General Workplace Hazards
7.4	Voice Messages
17.19	Stored Energy Devices
7.3	Audible Alarms
18.3	General Equipment-Related Hazards
7.2	Visual Alarms
18.4	Electrical Hazards
7.1	General Alarm Requirements
122	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Angled Stems
4	Comparison of Displacement and Isometric Controls
24	Stair Widths
17.3	Maintenance Environments
17.16	Test Equipment
11	Clothing and Postural Effects
10	Guidelines for Selecting Audible Alarm Sounds
119	Desirable Upper Limits for Handwheel Torque
118	Door Placement
117	Access into a Cargo Hold Through a Raised Hatch
116	Access to Overhead Hatch
114	Dimensions for Lightening Holes
121	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Horizontal Stems
18.8	Fall Protection
113	Dimensions for Rectangular, Square, and Round Hatches, Manways, and Lightening Holes
111	Additional Personnel Movement-Related Design Features
110	Transition Handrail Dimensions
8.9	Special Requirements for Control and Display Integration on Bridges
8.8	Alternative Approach to Grouping Design
8.7	Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment
8.6	Control and Display Movement Relationships
12	International Geographical Regions for Which Anthropometric Data Are Available
13	Standing Height Dimensions—International Population
115	Access to Vertical Escape Hatches
17.15	Connectors
17.17	Fuses and Circuit Breakers
120	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Vertical Stems
17.10	Equipment Modularization
19	Seated Workspace Dimensions
18.7	Safety Barriers
18	Weights for American Adult Females and Males
17.14	Conductors
17.13	Electrical Wires and Cables
10.6	Shelving
18.9	Emergency Egress
17	Female Anthropometric Data from Four Regions of the World
17.12	Standardization
16	Male Anthropometric Data from Four Regions of the World
17.11	Equipment Mounting and Installation
15	Forward Functional Reach Dimensions—International Population
17.18	Hydraulic Systems
14	Seated Eye Height Dimensions—International Population
23	Stair Dimensions
25	Handrail Arrangements
5	Typical Status Display and Alarm Color Codes for North American Industry
8	Guidelines for Color Coding of Visual Alarms
6.4	Display Types
46	Design Weight Limits for Lifting
42	Pipe Label Format
17.1	General Design Requirements
41	Examples of Equipment Labels
17.2	Maintenance Accessibility
6.5	Audible Displays
40	Operational Environment Types
45	Message Text Character Heights
26	Recommended Ramp Angle Inclinations
17.7	Fasteners
17.4	Lubrication
6.3	Display Illumination
17.5	Cases
11.16	Permanent Means of Access (PMA)
6.2	Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays
17.6	Covers
11.13	Elevated Work Platforms
155	Hazard Signal Word Headers
152	Sensor Label
11.15	Doors and Arches
47	Design Weight Limits for Carrying
10.12	Pedestal-Mounted Controls and Displays
10.13	Hand Cranks and Pumps
159	Handle Dimensions
158	Examples of Push-Pull Forces
157	Example of Information Sign
156	Examples of Text and Symbol on Signs
154	Pipe Marker Labels with Two Colors
10.15	Equipment Racks, Cabinets, and Individual Equipment Spacing
11.14	Hatches, Manways, Lightening Holes, Inspection Ports, and Kick-Out Panels
153	Pipe Marker Labels
151	Equipment Label Format
150	Control Setting Labels for Multiple Controls
10.10	Reach Limitations at Workstations
10.11	Safety Eyewash Fountains and Showers
49	Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
48	Limiting Factors
6.1	Visual Displays
44	Chromaticity Coordinates for Color Coding
43	Example Color-Coding Scheme for Vessel/Structure Piping
132	Valve Manifold for Tanks Located Fore and Aft
134	Default Push Button
31	Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonkeyboard Input Devices
30	System Response Time Limits
139	Message Window Design
138	Slider Control
137	Check Boxes
135	Push Button States
35	Limiting Dimensions for Mouse
Figure	Title
148	Control and Control Setting Labels
133	Valve Manifold for Fill, High-Suction, and Low-Suction Valves
131	Valve Manifold for Tanks Located Athwartship
130	Operating Valves from a Ladder
29	Access Opening and Mounting Depth Dimensions for Levers and Handwheels Mounted Below the Standing Surface
28	Dimensions for Additional Personnel Movement-Related Features
27	Walkway and Passageway Dimensions
34	Pointing Device Button Actions
36	Maximum Permissible Noise Levels
149	Control and Display Group Labels
33	Pointer Shapes and Associated Functions
136	Radio Buttons
11.10	D-Ring Ladders
32	Keyboard Push-Button Characteristics
147	Guidelines for Labels on Consoles and Panels
146	Independent Symbols
145	Health Guidance Zones for Limited Exposures
144	Surface Reflectance Values
143	Large Enclosure Ventilation Requirements
142	Permissible Noise Exposure Limits
141	Trackball Dimensions, Resistance, and Clearance
X1.1	Human Factors Checklist for Design
17.8	Hatches, Manways, Lightening Holes for Maintenance Access
140	Finger-Operated Displacement Joystick Specifications
11.11	Handrails
39	Maximum Brightness Ratios
17.9	Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
11.12	Walkways, Passageways, and Alternate Means of Personnel Movement
38	Lighting Levels for Ships and Maritime Structures
37	Noise Attenuation from Hearing Protectors
ICS Codes	47.020.01 - General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures