BS EN 60728-5:2016
$215.11
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services – Headend equipment
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2016 | 100 |
This part of IEC 60728 specifies the characteristics of equipment used in the headends of terrestrial broadcast and satellite receiving systems (without satellite outdoor units and without those broadband amplifiers in the headend as described in IEC 60728โ3 ). The satellite outdoor units for fixed satellite systems (FSS) are described in ETSI ETS 300 158 , and for broadcast satellite systems (BSS) in ETSI ETS 300 249 . Test methods for both types (FSS and BSS) of satellite outdoor units are laid down in ETSI ETS 300 457 .
This part of IEC 60728
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covers the frequency range 5 MHz to 3 000 MHz;
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identifies performance requirements for certain parameters;
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lays down data publication requirements for certain parameters;
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stipulates methods of measurements;
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introduces minimum requirements defining quality grades (Q-grades).
This part of IEC 60728 specifies the overall characteristics for upstream/downstream signals between external sources/sinks (for example, antennas, cable modem termination systems, etc.) and the system interface to the cable network. In the case of modular headend systems, single equipment items such as modulators, converters, etc. are also described. Cable modem termination systems, encrypters, decrypters, etc. are not described in this part of IEC 60728 . If such equipment is used in headends, the relevant parameters for RF, video, audio and data interfaces should be met.
According to the definitions in 3.1, the headends are divided into the following three quality grades:
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Grade 1: central headend;
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Grade 2: hub headend or hubsite;
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Grade 3: MATV headend/individual reception headend.
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a headend consisting of typical processing units with the corresponding interfaces at the input and output.
[Image removed.]
For IP interfaces, specifications from the transmission standard ETSI TS 102 034 are taken into account where applicable. The content of the data streams can be digital video, audio or other digital data.
The necessary characteristics and parameters of equipment such as IP gateways or IP interfaces on equipment at the input of headends ( Figure 2) as well as at the output of headends ( Figure 3) are described in CLC/TR 50083โ5โ1 .
Equipment at the input of headends can be either IP gateways which enable the connection to a Digital Video Broadcasting-Asynchronous Serial Interface (DVB-ASI) headend infrastructure according to EN 50083โ9 or, in the case of modular headend systems, can also be single equipment with IP interfaces such as DVB modulators, transcoders, multiplexers and FM radio processors as shown in Figure 2. Edge devices are also covered by CLC/TR 50083โ5โ1 .
[Image removed.]
Equipment at the output of headends can be either IP gateways which enable the connection from DVB-ASI interfaces according to EN 50083โ9 to IP based networks or, in the case of modular headend systems, can also be single equipment with IP interfaces such as encoders, multiplexers and switches as shown in Figure 3.
[Image removed.]
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 8 | English CONTENTS |
| 15 | FOREWORD |
| 17 | INTRODUCTION |
| 18 | 1 Scope |
| 19 | Figures Figure 1 โ Example of headend |
| 20 | Figure 2 โ Examples of IP gateways/interfaces at the input of headends |
| 21 | 2 Normative references Figure 3 โ Examples of IP gateways and interfaces at the output of central headends |
| 23 | 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions |
| 27 | 3.2 Symbols |
| 28 | 3.3 Abbreviations |
| 30 | 4 Methods of measurement 4.1 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals 4.1.1 General 4.1.2 Basic assumptions and measurement interfaces 4.1.3 Signal level for digitally modulated signals |
| 32 | 4.2 Single-channel intermodulation specification for channel amplifier and frequency converter |
| 33 | 4.3 Three-carrier intermodulation measurement Figure 4 โ Frequencies and levels of test carriers Tables Table 1 โ Test signal levels for the different television standards in decibels relative to reference level |
| 34 | 4.4 Two carrier intermodulation measurements for second- and third-order products 4.4.1 General Figure 5 โ Test carrier and interfering products in the pass band Table 2 โ Test signal levels in decibels relative to reference level |
| 35 | 4.4.2 Intermodulation products with test signals at frequencies fa and fb 4.4.3 Signal levels 4.5 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output 4.5.1 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output of equipment for AM TV systems Figure 6 โ Example showing products formed when 2fa > fb |
| 36 | 4.5.2 Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output of equipment for FM TV systems Figure 7 โ Carrier-to-spurious signal ratio at the output Table 3 โ Test signal levels for sound and vision carriers in decibels relative to reference level |
| 37 | 4.5.3 Shoulder attenuation Figure 8 โ Carrier-to spurious signal ratio at the output Figure 9 โ Shoulder attenuation |
| 38 | 4.6 Signal-to-noise measurement 4.6.1 Television carrier-to-noise ratio (analogue modulated signals) Figure 10 โ Arrangement of test equipment for carrier-to-noise ratio measurement |
| 40 | Table 4 โ Noise bandwidth |
| 41 | 4.6.2 RF signal-to-noise ratio (SD,RF/N) for digitally modulated signals |
| 42 | 4.7 Differential gain and phase for PAL/SECAM signals 4.7.1 General |
| 43 | 4.7.2 Differential gain (for PAL/SECAM only) |
| 44 | 4.7.3 Differential phase |
| 46 | Figure 11 โ Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of differential gain and phase Figure 12 โ Signal D2 waveform Figure 13 โ Example of modified staircase |
| 47 | 4.8 Group delay measurements 4.8.1 Group delay variation of analogue TV signals Figure 14 โ Measuring set-up for determining the group delay variation |
| 48 | 4.8.2 Procedure for the measurement of group delay variation on DVB channel converters Figure 15 โ RF signal (time domain) amplitude-modulated with a split-frequency signal |
| 49 | Figure 16 โ Spectral presentation of the group delay measurement |
| 50 | Figure 17 โ Description of the measuring set-up Figure 18 โ Choices of measuring aperture (value of the split frequency) for various measurement tests |
| 51 | 4.9 Phase noise of an RF carrier 4.9.1 General 4.9.2 Equipment required |
| 52 | 4.9.3 Connection of the equipment 4.9.4 Measurement procedure 4.9.5 Presentation of the results Figure 19 โ Test set-up for phase noise measurement |
| 53 | Figure 20 โ Mask for phase noise measurements Table 5 โ Frequency distances for phase noise measurement |
| 54 | 4.10 Hum modulation of carrier 4.10.1 General 4.10.2 Description of the method of measurement Figure 21 โ Carrier/hum ratio |
| 55 | 4.10.3 Measuring procedure Figure 22 โ Test set-up for equipment with built-in power supply Figure 23 โ Test set-up for equipment with external power supply |
| 56 | 4.10.4 Calculating the hum modulation ratio Figure 24 โ Oscilloscope display |
| 57 | 4.11 2T-pulse response, K-factor |
| 58 | 4.12 Chrominance-luminance delay inequalities (20T-pulse method) Figure 25 โ K-factor mask for quality grade 2 |
| 59 | Figure 26 โ Generation of 20T-pulse Figure 27 โ Example of amplitude and delay error using 20T-pulse |
| 60 | 4.13 Luminance non-linearity 4.14 Intermodulation distortion (FM stereo radio) 4.14.1 General Figure 28 โ Staircase signal for measurement of luminance non-linearity before and after differentiation Figure 29 โ Example of a possible frequency combination displayed on a spectrum analyser |
| 61 | 4.14.2 Equipment required 4.14.3 Connection of equipment 4.14.4 Measurement 4.15 Decoding margin (teletext) 4.15.1 General Figure 30 โ Arrangement of test equipment for intermodulation distortion |
| 62 | 4.15.2 Method of measurement and measuring set-up (Figure 31) 4.15.3 Applicability of measuring set-up 5 Performance requirements and recommendations 5.1 Safety 5.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 5.3 Environmental Figure 31 โ Principal measuring set-up for determination of decoding margin |
| 63 | 5.4 Marking 5.4.1 Marking of equipment 5.4.2 Marking of ports 6 Equipment characteristics required to be met 6.1 General Table 6 โ Publications for environmental requirements of headend equipment |
| 64 | 6.2 Power supply voltage 6.3 RF signal requirements 6.3.1 Impedance (input) 6.3.2 Impedance (output) 6.3.3 Return loss (input, output) of equipment 6.3.4 Return loss (output) of headend 6.3.5 Typical back-off for digital against analogue signals Table 7 โ Return loss (input, output) of equipment Table 8 โ Return loss (output) of headend |
| 65 | 6.3.6 Immunity against other signals in the FM radio and TV range 6.3.7 Carrier-to-spurious-signals ratio at output in the frequency range of 40ย MHz to 862ย MHz Table 9 โ Typical levels of digital signals with respect to analogue signals (back-off) |
| 66 | 6.3.8 Image rejection for AM TV and FM radio 6.3.9 Carrier to local oscillator signal ratio at the output for AM TV and FM radio 6.3.10 Frequency stability Table 10 โ Carrier-to-spurious-signals ratio of digital modulated channel with respect to the peak level of an analogue TV carrier Table 11 โ Frequency stability for AM TV related to the nominal AM TV frequency |
| 67 | 6.3.11 Phase noise of digital modulated signals at the output of the headend Table 12 โ Long-term frequency stability for digital modulated signals Table 13 โ Shoulder attenuation for digital modulated signals |
| 68 | 6.3.12 In-channel group delay variation for digital modulated signals Table 14 โ Phase noise of a DVB signal (PSK and QAM) Table 15 โ Phase noise of a DVB signal (OFDM) Table 16 โ In-channel group delay variation for digital modulated signals |
| 69 | 6.3.13 In-channel peak-to-peak amplitude response variation for digitally modulated signals 6.3.14 Stability of sound intercarrier 6.3.15 Stability of residual carrier amplitude 6.3.16 Frequency stability โ SAT IF/IF converter Table 17 โ In-channel peak-to-peak amplitude response variation of DVB signals Table 18 โ Stability of sound intercarrier Table 19 โ Stability of residual carrier amplitude |
| 70 | 6.3.17 Typical modulation error ratio (MER) for a QAM signal 6.3.18 Minimum C/N values at the output of the headend 6.4 Composite video signal requirements 6.4.1 Impedance Table 20 โ Frequency stability โ SAT IF/IF converter Table 21 โ Minimum requirements for MER for different QAM modulation schemes Table 22 โ C/N values for converters at the headend output |
| 71 | 6.4.2 Return loss 6.4.3 Signal voltage 6.4.4 Polarity 6.4.5 Offset voltage 6.5 Audio signal requirements 6.5.1 Input impedance 6.5.2 Output impedance 6.5.3 Signal level Table 23 โ Return loss Table 24 โ Signal voltage |
| 72 | 6.6 Requirements for decoding margin (teletext) 6.7 IF signal requirements (AM-TV) 6.7.1 Impedance 6.7.2 Return loss 6.8 Antennas for terrestrial reception 6.8.1 Impedance 6.8.2 Return loss 6.9 Antenna amplifier Table 25 โ Signal level Table 26 โ Requirements for decoding margin (Teletext) Table 27 โ Return loss โ IF signal Table 28 โ Return loss โ Antennas for terrestrial reception |
| 73 | 7 Equipment characteristics required to be published 7.1 General 7.2 Environmental conditions 7.3 Maximum permissible output level Table 29 โ Recommended temperature ranges Table 30 โ Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of channel amplifiers/frequency converters Table 31 โ Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of sub-band, full band, multi-band amplifiers and multi-channel frequency converters for AM TV (not for channel amplifier) |
| 74 | 7.4 Operating range for output level 7.5 TV standard 7.6 Clamp 7.7 Noise figure 7.7.1 Equipment without AGC Table 32 โ Carrier-to-second-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of sub-band, full band, multi-band amplifiers and frequency converters for AM TV or FM radio (not for channel amplifier) Table 33 โ Carrier-to-intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of FM-TV channel amplifiers/frequency converters Table 34 โ Carrier-to-third-order intermodulation ratio for maximum output level of FM TV full band, sub-band amplifiers |
| 75 | 7.7.2 Equipment with AGC 7.8 Data control signals, description of interface 7.9 Output level stability for TV modulators, TV converters and pilot generators 7.10 Pilot signal Figure 32 โ Example of diagram of NF, C/N or S/N for equipment with AGC Table 35 โ Output level stability for TV modulators, pilot generators and TV converters |
| 76 | 7.11 Differential gain and phase 7.11.1 Differential gain 7.11.2 Differential phase 7.12 Group delay variation for analogue TV signals 7.13 Luminance non-linearity Table 36 โ Recommendation for differential gain Table 37 โ Recommendation for differential phase Table 38 โ Recommendation for group delay variation |
| 77 | 7.14 2T-pulse 7.15 20T-pulse 7.16 Hum modulation 7.17 Television carrier-to-noise ratio 7.18 Audio in TV Table 39 โ Recommendation for luminance non-linearity Table 40 โ K-factor masks for 2T-pulse responses |
| 78 | 7.19 Processing units for FM radio 7.19.1 Audio input 7.19.2 Stereo crosstalk 7.19.3 Total harmonic distortion 7.19.4 Intermodulation distortion 7.19.5 Deviation, pre-emphasis 7.20 Antennas for terrestrial reception 7.20.1 Antenna gain 7.20.2 Sidelobe suppression 7.20.3 Return loss of antennas Table 41 โ Recommendations for sidelobe suppression Table 42 โ Recommendation for return loss of antennas |
| 79 | 7.21 Control signals for outdoor units |
| 80 | Annexes Annex A (normative) Definition of the specified test frequency range for return loss and noise figure A.1 Test frequency range for TV channel processor A.2 Test frequency range for sub-band, full-band and multi-band amplifiers A.3 Test frequency range for an FM radio channel processor Figure A.1 โ Test frequency range for TV channel processors Figure A.2 โ Test frequency range for sub-band, full-band and multi-band amplifiers |
| 81 | Figure A.3 โ Test frequency range for an FM radio channel processor |
| 82 | Annex B (informative) Audio connector for European system according to IEC 60130-9 B.1 Contact allocation and mechanical dimensions B.2 Signal-to-pin allocations and applications Figure B.1 โ Contact allocation and mechanical dimensions Table B.1 โ Mechanical dimensions Table B.2 โ Signal-to-pin allocation Table B.3 โ Application |
| 83 | Annex C (informative) Selectivity diagram for adjacent channel transmission C.1 General C.2 TV modulator for standard PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound Figure C.1 โ Selectivity diagram for PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound |
| 84 | C.3 TV modulator for standard PAL B/G with NICAM 728 in the lower adjacent channel C.4 Standard PAL I Figure C.2 โ Selectivity diagram for PAL B/G with NICAM 728 in the lower adjacent channel Table C.1 โ Selectivity table for PAL B/G with mono or stereo sound |
| 85 | C.5 Group delay for the standards B/G, D/D1/K and I C.6 Group delay pre-correction for TV modulator for standard B/G Figure C.3 โ Selectivity diagram for PALย I Figure C.4 โ Group delay mask for the standards B/G, D/D1/K and I |
| 86 | C.7 TV modulator for standard SECAM L C.8 Group delay for TV modulator for standard SECAM L Figure C.5 โ Group delay pre-correction diagram for standardย B/G Figure C.6 โ Selectivity diagram for SECAM L Table C.2 โ Group delay pre-correction table for standardย B/G |
| 87 | C.9 TV modulator for standard PAL D/K with mono or stereo sound Figure C.7 โ Group delay mask for SECAM L Figure C.8 โ Selectivity diagram for PAL D/K |
| 88 | Annex D (informative) Differences in some countries D.1 General D.2 Finland, Sweden |
| 89 | Annex E (normative) Correction factors for noise E.1 Signal level measurement E.2 Noise level measurement Table E.1 โ Noise correction factor |
| 90 | Figure E.1 โ Noise correction factor CF (dB) versus measured level difference D (dB) |
| 91 | Annex F (informative) Digital signal level and bandwidth F.1 RF/IF power (“carrier”) F.2 Occupied bandwidth of a digital signal F.2.1 QAM/QPSK modulation |
| 92 | F.2.2 OFDM modulation F.3 Noise bandwidth F.3.1 General Table F.1 โ Total number of carriers and channel spacing for the OFDM modes (8 MHz channel) |
| 93 | F.3.2 QAM/QPSK/8ย PSK modulation F.3.3 OFDM modulation F.4 Equivalent signal bandwidth F.4.1 General F.4.2 QAM/QPSK/8ย PSK modulation F.4.3 OFDM modulation F.5 Examples |
| 94 | Table F.2 โ Examples of bandwidths for digital modulation techniques |
| 95 | Figure G.1 โ Frequency tolerance of converted signals in the IF range |
| 96 | Annex H (informative) Measurement errors which occur due to mismatched equipment Figure H.1 โ Error concerning return loss measurement Figure H.2 โ Maximum ripple |
| 97 | Annex I (normative) Correction factor for spectrum analyser |
| 98 | Bibliography |
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BS EN 60728-5:2016 – TC:2020 Edition
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