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BS EN 62488-1:2013

BS EN 62488-1:2013

$215.11

Power line communication systems for power utility applications – Planning of analogue and digital power line carrier systems operating over EHV/HV/MV electricity grids

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2013 126
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IEC 62488-1:2012 applies to the planning of analogue and digital power line carrier systems operating over EHV/HV/MV electricity grids. The object of this standard is to establish the planning of the services and performance parameters for the operational requirements to transmit and receive data efficiently over power networks. The transmission media used by the different electricity supply industries will include analogue and digital systems together with more common communication services including national telecommunications authorities, radio links and fibre optic networks and satellite networks. With the developments in communication infrastructures over the last two decades and the ability of devices connected in the electricity communications network to internally and externally communicate, there is a variety of architectures to use in the electricity distribution network to provide efficient seamless communications.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 English
CONTENTS
10 INTRODUCTION
12 1 Scope
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
2.1 Terms and definitions
20 2.2 Abbreviations
22 3 Power line communication systems
3.1 Introduction to PLC
3.2 PLC usage
Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Smart grid vision
23 3.3 PLC telecommunication system
Figure 2 ā€“ Smart grid players
Figure 3 ā€“ Complex PLC telecommunication system
24 3.4 Analogue and digital PLC systems (APLC & DPLC)
3.4.1 APLC systems
Figure 4 ā€“ PLC telecommunication link
25 3.4.2 DPLC systems
Figure 5 ā€“ Typical structure of an APLC terminal equipment
26 Figure 6 ā€“ Typical structure of a DPLC terminal equipment
27 Figure 7 ā€“ APLC/DPLC terminal equipment structure
Figure 8 ā€“ APLC/DPLC link carrying telecontrol, teleprotection and telephony services
28 3.5 PLC modulation schemes
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 AM-SSB (Refer to Table 1)
3.5.3 QAM (Refer to Table 1)
Figure 9 ā€“ Signal space for a 16-QAM constellation
29 3.5.4 OFDM (Refer to Table 1)
3.5.5 Other modulation schemes
30 Tables
Table 1 ā€“ Characteristics of DPLC modulation schemes
Table 2 ā€“ QAM and OFDM DPLC modulation scheme characteristics
31 3.5.6 Echo cancellation
32 4 Frequency bands for PLC systems
4.1 Introduction to the characteristics of PLC systems for EHV, HV and MV networks
Figure 10 ā€“ Echo cancellation method for a DPLC link
34 4.2 Frequency bands for power line systems
Table 3 ā€“ Early power communications techniques and frequencies
35 Table 4 ā€“ Parameters of power communications systems
Table 5 ā€“ Frequency bands in power line communication systems
36 4.3 Channel plans
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 EHV/HV/MV narrowband PLC channel plan
4.3.3 MV/LV narrowband DLC channel plan
Figure 11 ā€“ APLC narrowband channel plan
Table 6 ā€“ HF spectrum allocated for PLC systems
37 4.4 High frequency spectral characteristics
4.5 Regulation and emission limits for PLC
4.5.1 Extra high voltage, high voltage for narrowband systems
Figure 12 ā€“ DLC narrowband channel plans Europe vs. North America
Table 7 ā€“ HF spectrum allocation for narrowband PLC
38 4.5.2 Medium voltage and low voltage narrowband systems
4.5.3 Medium voltage and low voltage broadband systems
4.6 Selection of the frequency bands for HV PLC systems
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Maximum power of PLC signal
40 4.6.5 Paralleling
5 Media for DPLC and APLC systems
5.1 General
5.2 The electricity grid
Figure 14 ā€“ PLC communication system
41 5.3 Extra and high voltage electricity power lines
5.4 Medium voltage electricity power lines
42 5.5 Electricity power lines as transmission media
5.5.1 Coupling system
Figure 15 ā€“ Capacitive coupling system
43 Figure 16 ā€“ PLC link exploiting inductive coupling system
Figure 17 ā€“ Principle of inductive coupling system
44 Figure 18 ā€“ EHV/HV typical coupling capacitor (CVT)
Figure 19 ā€“ EHV/HV typical capacitive coupling system (single phase to earth)
45 Figure 20 ā€“ MV capacitive coupling system
Figure 21 ā€“ MV coupling inductor
46 Figure 22 ā€“ Line trap electrical scheme
Figure 23 ā€“ HV line trap
Figure 24 ā€“ Line trap impedance versus frequency
47 Figure 25 ā€“ Blocking impedance characteristic of a narrowband line trap
Figure 26 ā€“ Blocking impedance characteristic of a double band line trap
Figure 27 ā€“ Blocking impedance characteristic of a broadband line trap
48 Figure 28 ā€“ LMU components and electric scheme
Figure 29 ā€“ LMU characteristics with a coupling capacitor of 4 000Ā pF
49 5.5.2 Coupling configuration for overhead cables EHV/HV/MV
Figure 30 ā€“ Phase-to-earth coupling
50 Figure 31 ā€“ Phase-to-phase coupling
51 5.5.3 Connecting cable
52 5.6 Transmission parameters of electricity power line channel
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Characteristic impedance of power line
54 Figure 32 ā€“ GMR of conductor bundles
Figure 33 ā€“ Terminating network for a three-phase line
55 5.6.3 Overall link attenuation
Table 8 ā€“ Range of characteristic impedances forPLC circuits on EHV/HV overhead lines
58 Figure 34 ā€“ Optimum coupling arrangements and modal conversion loss ac
59 Figure 35 ā€“ Optimum phase to earth and phase to phase coupling arrangements
60 Table 9 ā€“ Additional loss aadd [dB] for various line configurations and optimum coupling arrangements
61 Figure 36 ā€“ Junctions of overhead lines with power cables
63 5.6.4 Channel frequency and impulsive response
64 Figure 37 ā€“ EHV H(f) and h(t) typical channel response
Figure 38 ā€“ MV H(f) and h(t) typical channel response
65 5.6.5 Noise and interference
Figure 39 ā€“ Attenuation versus frequency of a real HV power line channel
66 Figure 40 ā€“ Background noise
67 Figure 41 ā€“ Background noise over frequency
Table 10 ā€“ Typical power of corona noise power levels, referring to a 4Ā kHz bandwidthfor various EHV/HV system voltages
68 Figure 42 ā€“ Variations of the background noise spectrum over time
Figure 43 ā€“ Isolated pulse
69 Figure 44 ā€“ Transient pulse
Figure 45 ā€“ Periodic pulses
70 Figure 46 ā€“ Burst pulses
71 Table 11 ā€“ Typical average impulse-type noise levels, measured at the HF-cable side of the coupling across 150 ( in a bandwidth of 4Ā kHz
72 6 Planning DPLC and APLC links and networks
6.1 General
73 6.2 APLC link budget
Figure 47 ā€“ APLC equipment architecture
74 Figure 48 ā€“ Example for a signal arrangement in two baseband channels
75 Table 12 ā€“ Signal parameters
Table 13 ā€“ Link budget
76 Table 14 ā€“ Signal and allowed noise levels at the receiver input
Table 15 ā€“ Typical corona noise levels for AC overhead lines
79 Figure 50 ā€“ Example for a DPLC channel arrangement
Table 16 ā€“ Possible solutions for the example of Figure 50
80 Figure 51 ā€“ Typical DPLC bandwidth efficiency for a BER of 10-6
81 Figure 52 ā€“ HV line voltage ranges
82 6.4 Frequency plan
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Links over the same HV line between two substations
Figure 53 ā€“ Example for DPLC system with automatic data rate adaptation
83 6.4.3 Global frequency planning
6.4.4 Other considerations
84 6.5 Network planning
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Redundancy
6.5.3 Integration with other transmission technologies
85 6.6 Introduction to Internet numbering
6.6.1 Internet protocol numbering
6.6.2 IP addresses
86 Table 17 ā€“ IP address definitions
87 6.6.3 Private IP addresses
6.6.4 Subnetting
88 Figure 54 ā€“ Example of subnetting
90 6.7 Security
6.8 Management system
7 Performance of PLC systems
7.1 System performance
91 7.2 APLC link layer performance
Figure 55 ā€“ ISO/OSI reference model
93 7.3 DPLC link layer performance
Figure 56 ā€“ Limits for overall loss of the circuit relative to that at 1 020Ā Hz(ITU-T M.1020)
Figure 57 ā€“ Limits for group delay relative to the minimum measured group delay in the 500Ā Hz ā€“ 2 800Ā Hz band (ITU-T M.1020)
94 7.4 Bit error ratio (BER)
7.5 Transmission capacity
Figure 58 ā€“ Some theoretical BER curves
95 7.6 Slip
7.7 Phase jitter
Figure 59 ā€“ DPLC ā€œC/SNRā€ characteristic in comparison to the Shannon limit efficiency for BER = 1E-4 and 1E-6 and Shannon limit
96 7.8 Sync loss and recovery time
7.9 Link latency
7.10 IETF-RFC2544 Ethernet performance parameters
97 7.11 Bit error testing setup
7.12 Serial synchronous interface
7.13 Ethernet interface
98 7.14 Overall quality link performance
Figure 60 ā€“ Ethernet standard structure of frame format
99 Figure 61 ā€“ Example of unavailability determination (ITU-T G.826)
Figure 62 ā€“ Example of the unavailable state of a bidirectional path (ITU-T G.826)
100 8 Applications carried over PLC systems
8.1 General
8.2 Telephony
Figure 63 ā€“ Quality performance estimation based on ITU-T G.821 and G.826
Table 18 ā€“ Quality mask objectives (sample)
101 8.3 Speech quality
8.3.1 General
Figure 64 ā€“ Relationship between clarity, delay, and echo with regards to speech quality
102 8.3.2 Measuring intelligibility (clarity)
8.4 Analogue telephony
8.5 Digital telephony
103 8.6 VoIP applications
8.7 Data transmission
8.8 Internetworking
8.9 Telecontrol
8.9.1 IECĀ 60870-5-101 SCADA-RTU communication
8.9.2 IECĀ 60870-5-104 SCADA-RTU communication
8.9.3 Teleprotection
104 8.9.4 Teleprotection signal
105 Annex A (informative) Environmental conditions
106 Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Table B.1 ā€“ Permitted conducted emissionson the mains port of class A equipment
107 Table B.2 ā€“ Permitted conducted emissionson the mains port of class B equipment
108 Annex C (informative) HF modulated power signal
Figure C.1 ā€“ Power concepts
110 Figure C.2 ā€“ Single tone
111 Figure C.3 ā€“ Two tones
112 Figure C.4 ā€“ Example of noise equivalent bands for different services
113 Figure C.5 ā€“ Noise equivalent band for different services
116 Annex D (informative) Bandwidth efficiency
Figure D.1 ā€“ 8-PAM signal constellation
118 Figure D.2 ā€“ SNR gap of DPLC efficiency to Shannon limit
119 Figure D.3 ā€“ DPLC efficiency for BER = 10ā€“4 and 10ā€“6 and Shannon limit
120 Annex E (informative) Noise measurements
122 Bibliography

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BS EN 62488-1:2013
$215.11