IEEE ASHRAE 1635 2018
$80.71
IEEE/ASHRAE Guide for the Ventilation and Thermal Management of Batteries for Stationary Applications
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IEEE | 2018 | 116 |
Revision Standard – Active. Vented lead-acid (VLA), valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA), and nickel-cadmium (NiCd) stationary battery installations are discussed in this guide, written to serve as a bridge between the electrical designer and the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) designer. Ventilation of stationary battery installations is critical to improving battery life while reducing the hazards associated with hydrogen production. This guide describes battery operating modes and the hazards associated with each. It provides the HVAC designer with the information to provide a cost effective ventilation solution.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | IEEE Std 1635-2018/ASHRAE Guideline 21-2018 Front Cover |
| 2 | Title page |
| 4 | Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents |
| 7 | Participants |
| 9 | Introduction |
| 10 | Contents |
| 12 | 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose |
| 13 | 1.3 Exclusions 1.4 Document organization |
| 14 | 2. Normative references 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions |
| 15 | 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations |
| 16 | 4. Battery safety hazards and considerations 5. Fundamentals 5.1 Battery types |
| 17 | 5.1.1 Lead-acid batteries |
| 19 | 5.1.2 Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries |
| 20 | 5.2 Battery application 5.2.1 General 5.2.2 Service applications 5.3 Installation enclosure applications 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Dedicated battery rooms 5.3.3 Indoor cabinets |
| 21 | 5.3.4 Outdoor cabinets 5.3.5 Controlled environment vault (CEV) 5.3.6 Integrated battery and equipment areas 6. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 6.1 General |
| 22 | 6.2 HVAC design for performance 6.2.1 Temperature |
| 23 | 6.2.2 Air humidity 6.2.3 Air contaminants 6.3 HVAC design for safety 6.3.1 Flammable/explosive gases |
| 24 | 6.3.2 Hydrogen traps 6.3.3 Confined spaces 6.3.4 Thermal runaway 6.3.5 Toxic gases |
| 25 | 7. Environmental design 7.1 General 7.2 Operating modes 7.2.1 General |
| 26 | 7.2.2 Assumptions for the tables |
| 27 | 7.2.3 Standby/float operation |
| 30 | 7.2.4 Accelerated recharge, boost, and equalize charge modes |
| 32 | 7.2.5 Discharge 7.2.6 Bulk recharge |
| 33 | 7.2.7 Initial and freshening charge modes |
| 34 | 7.2.8 Cycling operating mode |
| 35 | 7.2.9 Failure modes (abnormal operation) |
| 37 | 7.3 Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system design requirements 7.3.1 General |
| 38 | 7.3.2 Systems for heating and cooling |
| 39 | 7.4 HVAC system design for ventilation 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Natural ventilation |
| 40 | 7.4.3 Active or forced ventilation system |
| 41 | 7.5 Integrated battery areas 7.5.1 Integrated battery and charger/rectifier/inverter room 7.5.2 Integrated battery and equipment areas 7.6 Controls and alarms 7.6.1 General |
| 42 | 7.6.2 Sensors 7.6.3 Reliability/redundancy 7.7 Battery room hazard classification |
| 43 | 7.8 Battery enclosure design 7.8.1 General 7.8.2 Indoor cabinets 7.8.3 Outdoor cabinets 7.8.4 Vaults 8. Economics 8.1 General |
| 44 | 8.2 Battery replacement factors 8.3 Relative importance of the installation 8.4 Reliability of the HVAC system 8.5 Availability of maintenance resources 8.6 Cost and availablilty of battery replacement 8.7 HVAC System control based on battery operating mode |
| 45 | 9. Environmental management (operation and maintenance) 9.1 Battery system operation and maintenance 9.2 HVAC system operation and maintenance 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Operation |
| 46 | 9.2.3 Maintenance |
| 47 | Annex A (informative) Hydrogen generation in lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries A.1 Purpose A.2 Gassing equations for lead-acid batteries A.2.1 General |
| 48 | A.2.2 Gassing of vented cells with constant-current charging A.2.3 Equations for lead-calcium and pure lead vented batteries |
| 50 | A.2.4 Equations for lead-antimony and lead-selenium vented batteries |
| 53 | A.2.5 Temperature effects on the current |
| 54 | A.2.6 Effects of shorted cells A.2.7 Maximum gassing current |
| 55 | A.2.8 Equations for VRLA batteries |
| 59 | A.3 Sample gassing calculations for vented lead-calcium batteries A.3.1 Assumptions A.3.2 Fire code default A.3.3 Worst-case calculation A.3.4 Normal gassing |
| 60 | A.3.5 Gassing during initial charging A.3.6 Fire code worst-case calculation |
| 61 | A.4 Sample gassing calculations for lead-calcium-tin VRLA batteries A.4.1 Assumptions A.4.2 Fire code default A.4.3 Worst-case calculation A.4.4 Normal gassing |
| 62 | A.4.5 Gassing during initial charging A.4.6 Fire code worst-case calculation A.5 Sample gassing calculations for vented lead-antimony batteries A.5.1 Assumptions |
| 63 | A.5.2 Fire code default A.5.3 Worst-case calculation A.5.4 Normal gassing |
| 64 | A.5.5 Gassing during initial charging A.5.6 Fire code worst-case calculation |
| 65 | A.6 Battery gassing calculations for Ni-Cd batteries A.6.1 General |
| 66 | A.6.2 Float charging A.6.3 Finish/boost/equalize charging |
| 67 | A.6.4 Initial charging A.6.5 Worst-case scenarios |
| 68 | A.7 Sample gassing calculations for Ni-Cd batteries A.7.1 General |
| 69 | A.7.2 Assumptions A.7.3 Fire Code default A.7.4 Worst-case calculation A.7.5 Normal gassing |
| 70 | A.7.6 Gassing during initial charging A.7.7 Fire Code worst-case calculation |
| 71 | Annex B (informative) Heat generation in lead-acid batteries B.1 Purpose B.2 Basics of battery heat generation B.2.1 General |
| 72 | B.2.2 Sources of heat |
| 83 | B.2.3 Heat generation calculations for various operating modes |
| 93 | B.3 Sample battery heat generation calculations for vented lead-acid batteries B.3.1 Assumptions B.3.2 Worst-case discharge calculation |
| 94 | B.3.3 Bulk recharge calculation B.3.4 Normal heat release B.3.5 Battery heat release during initial charging B.3.6 Boost/equalize charging heat release calculation |
| 95 | B.4 Sample heat generation calculations for lead-calcium tin VRLA batteries B.4.1 Assumptions B.4.2 Worst-case discharge calculation B.4.3 Bulk recharge calculation |
| 96 | B.4.4 Normal heat release B.4.5 Heat release during initial charging B.4.6 Heat release calculations for equalize/boost charging |
| 97 | B.5 Sample heat generation calculations for Ni-Cd batteries B.5.1 Assumptions B.5.2 Sample heat release during discharge for a UPS Ni-Cd battery B.5.3 Sample heat release during bulk recharge for a UPS Ni-Cd battery |
| 99 | Annex C (informative) Existing U.S. codes and standards |
| 101 | Annex D (informative) Explosive and toxic gas allowance considerations D.1 Permissible hydrogen concentrations D.2 Permissible hydrogen sulfide concentrations and responsive actions |
| 102 | D.3 Permissible arsine and stibine concentrations |
| 103 | Annex E (informative) Thermal runaway E.1 Lead-Acid battery thermal runaway |
| 104 | E.2 Thermal runaway in Ni-Cd batteries |
| 105 | Annex F (informative) Sample HVAC calculations F.1 Heat and hydrogen generation sample calculations |
| 106 | F.2 Cooling F.3 Ventilation/Exhaust |
| 107 | Annex G (informative) Example battery data sheets G.1 General G.2 Long or medium duration lead-acid battery data sheet examples G.3 High rate lead-acid battery data sheet examples |
| 112 | G.4 Ni-Cd battery data sheet example |
| 113 | Annex H (informative) Bibliography |
| 116 | Back Cover |
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