{"id":271357,"date":"2024-10-19T18:11:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T18:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-132612020\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T14:24:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T14:24:31","slug":"bs-en-132612020","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-132612020\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN 13261:2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

This document specifies the characteristics of the axles for all track gauges.<\/p>\n

This document applies to heavy railway vehicles but may also apply to other vehicles such as light railway vehicles, trams or undergrounds.<\/p>\n

It defines the characteristics of axles manufactured by forging or rolling, in vacuum-degassed steel, grade EA1N1, EA1T1 and EA4T1. For hollow axles, this document only applies to those obtained by machining the hole in a solid forged or rolled axle.<\/p>\n

The requirements defined in this standard apply to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements also apply to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. Specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. geometric dimensions) are defined in the technical specification.<\/p>\n

Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.<\/p>\n

This document applies to axles whose design complies with the rules defined in EN 13103-1.<\/p>\n

This document also allows variations in material characteristics in relation to alternative manufacturing processes (e.g. cold forging, shot peening, thermal spraying, steel cleanliness, reduction ratio, improvement of material properties through fusion or heat treatment processes, etc.).<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nEuropean foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n4 Product definition
4.1 Chemical composition
4.1.1 Values to be obtained
Table 1 \u2014 Limit levels by product analysis
4.1.2 Sampling methods
4.1.3 Analysis method
4.2 Mechanical characteristics
4.2.1 Characteristics from the tensile testing
4.2.1.1 Values to be obtained
Table 2 \u2014 Values to be obtained at mid-radius of solid axles or mid-distance between internal and external surfaces of hollow axles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nTable 2 \u2014 Values to be obtained at mid-radius of solid axles or mid-distance between internal and external surfaces of hollow axles
4.2.1.2 Positions of the test pieces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nFigure 1 \u2014 Position of test pieces
4.2.1.3 Test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4.2.2 Impact resistance characteristics
4.2.2.1 Values to be obtained
Table 3 \u2014 Values to be obtained at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between internal and external surfaces of hollow axles
4.2.2.2 Position of the test pieces
4.2.2.3 Test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2013 Position of test pieces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.2.3 Fatigue characteristics
4.2.3.1 11.2.3.1tab General
4.2.3.1.1 Introduction
4.2.3.1.2 Fatigue limits on small test pieces
4.2.3.1.3 Fatigue limits on scale 1 test pieces
4.2.3.2 Values to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nTable 4 \u2014 Fatigue limit values
4.2.3.3 Fatigue test pieces
Figure 3 \u2014 Notches in fatigue test pieces
4.2.3.4 Test method
4.3 Microstructural characteristics
4.3.1 Values to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4.3 Microstructural characteristics
4.3.1 Values to be obtained
4.3.2 Position of the test piece
4.3.3 Test method
4.4 Material cleanliness
4.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness
4.4.1.1 Cleanliness level to be achieved <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nTable 5 \u2014 Maximum inclusions for thin and thick series
4.4.1.2 Location of the micrographic sample
Figure 4 \u2014 Micrographic examination sampling location (solid axle and hollow axle)
4.4.1.3 Test method
4.4.2 Internal integrity
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Level to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.4.2 Internal integrity
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Level to be obtained
4.4.2.3 Test piece
4.4.2.4 Examination method
4.5 Ultrasonic permeability
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Level to be obtained
4.5.3 Test piece
4.5.4 Test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.5.4 Test method
Table 6 \u2014 Permeability inspection settings
4.6 Residual stresses
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Values to be obtained
4.6.3 Test piece and measurement point location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2014 Measurement point location
4.6.4 Measurement method
4.7 Surface characteristics
4.7.1 Surface finish
4.7.1.1 Characteristics to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nTable 7 \u2014 Surface finishes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nFigure 6 \u2014 Surface finish symbols
4.7.1.2 Measurement method
4.7.2 Surface integrity
4.7.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n4.7.1.2 Measurement method
4.7.2 Surface integrity
4.7.2.1 General
4.7.2.2 Level to be obtained
Figure 7 \u2014 Zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nTable 8 \u2014 Longitudinal indication limits
4.7.2.3 Test piece
4.7.2.4 Examination methods
4.7.2.4.1 External surface of the axle
4.7.2.4.2 Axle bore surface
4.8 Geometrical and dimensional tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nTable 9 \u2014 Geometrical tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2014 Geometrical tolerance symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nTable 10 \u2014 Dimensional tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2014 Dimensional tolerance symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n4.9 Protection against corrosion and mechanical damage
4.9.1 Final protection
4.9.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nTable 11 \u2014 Protective coatings \u2013 Test requirement
4.9.1.2 Protective coating thickness
4.9.1.2.1 Values to be documented after evaluating a protective coating
4.9.1.2.2 Values to be obtained for qualifying a manufacturer or for quality control
4.9.1.2.3 Test piece
4.9.1.2.4 Measurement method
4.9.1.3 Protective coating adhesion
4.9.1.3.1 General
4.9.1.3.2 Characteristics to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n4.9.1.3.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.3.3 Test piece
4.9.1.3.4 Test method
4.9.1.4 Impact resistance
4.9.1.4.1 General
4.9.1.4.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.4.3 Test piece
4.9.1.4.4 Test method
4.9.1.5 Chipping resistance
4.9.1.5.1 General
4.9.1.5.2 Characteristics to be obtained <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n4.9.1.5 Chipping resistance
4.9.1.5.1 General
4.9.1.5.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.5.3 Test piece
4.9.1.5.4 Test method
4.9.1.6 Salt spray resistance
4.9.1.6.1 General
4.9.1.6.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.6.3 Test piece
Figure 10 \u2014 Salt spray test pieces
4.9.1.6.4 Test methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2014 Salt spray test pieces
4.9.1.6.4 Test methods
4.9.1.7 Resistance to specific corrosive products
4.9.1.7.1 General
4.9.1.7.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.7.3 Test piece <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n4.9.1.7.4 Test method
4.9.1.8 Resistance of coating to cyclic mechanical stress
4.9.1.8.1 General
4.9.1.8.2 Characteristics to be obtained
4.9.1.8.3 Test piece
4.9.1.8.4 Test method
4.9.2 Temporary protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n4.10 Marking
5 Alternative manufacturing process
6 Product qualification
7 Conditions of supply of the product <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nAnnexe A (informative) Sampling of the material from an axle journal overlength
A.1 Values to be reached
Table A.1 \u2014 Values to be met at mid-radius for solid axles and at mid-distance of the external and internal surfaces for hollow axles
Table A.2 \u2014 Values to be met at mid-radius for solid axles and at mid-distance of the external and internal surfaces for hollow axles
A.2 Sampling method
A.2.1 Overlength with a diameter identical to the journal diameter
A.2.2 Overlength with a diameter greater than the journal diameter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nAnnexe B (informative) Test piece drawings
Figure B.2 \u2014 Small test piece for determining steel fatigue limit (example 2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure B.3 \u2014 Small test piece for determining the resistance of the protective coating to cyclic stress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure B.4 \u2014 Scale 1 test piece for fatigue testing (example 1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFigure B.5 \u2014 Scale 1 test piece for fatigue testing (example 2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nAnnexe C (normative) Gauge block for measuring ultrasound permeability
C.1 Gauge block <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2014 Gauge block examples
C.2 Gauge block tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nC.2 Gauge block tolerances
C.3 Steel grade of the gauge block <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nAnnexe D (informative) Position of measurement zones for ultrasound permeability
Figure D.1 \u2014 Axles with bore and solid axles: Position of the measurement zone
Figure D.2 \u2014 Solid axles: Position of measurement zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nAnnexe E (informative) Residual stress measurement with strain gauges and saw cutting
Figure E.1 \u2014 Strain gauge and saw cut positions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nAnnexe F (informative) Post-machining shot peening method
F.1 Shot peening principle
F.2 Requirements
F.2.1 Shot peening product
F.2.2 Hardness
F.2.3 Roughness
F.2.4 Coverage rate
F.2.5 Fatigue limit
F.3 Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nF.3 Parameters
F.4 Qualification of the shot-peening process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nAnnexe G (normative) Method to determine the impact resistance of the protective coating
G.1 YES
G.2 Test piece
G.3 Equipment
G.4 Operating procedure
G.5 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nAnnexe H (normative) Method to determine the chipping resistance of the protective coating
H.1 YES
H.2 Test piece
H.3 Equipment
H.4 Operating procedure
H.5 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nTable H.1 \u2014 Results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nAnnexe I (normative) Method to determine the resistance of the coating to specific corrosive products
I.1 YES
I.2 Test piece
I.3 Equipment
I.4 Corrosive products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nI.5 Operating procedure
I.6 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nAnnexe J (normative) Method to determine the resistance of the protective coating under cyclic mechanical stress
J.1 Purpose
J.2 YES
J.3 Test piece
J.4 Equipment
J.5 Operating procedure
J.6 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nJ.6 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nAnnexe K (normative) Product qualification
K.1 Introduction
K.2 11.2.3.1tab General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nK.3 Requirements
K.3.1 Requirements to be met by the manufacturer
K.3.1.1 11.2.3.1tab General
K.3.1.2 Quality organisation
K.3.1.3 Staff qualification
K.3.1.4 Equipment
K.3.2 Requirements to be met by the product
K.4 Qualification procedures
K.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nK.4 Qualification procedures
K.4.1 General
K.4.2 Documentation required
K.4.3 Evaluation of production facilities and production process
K.4.4 Laboratory tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nK.4.4 Laboratory tests
K.5 Validity of the qualification
K.5.1 Condition of validity
K.5.2 Modification and extension
K.5.3 Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nK.5.4 Expiry
K.5.5 Withdrawal
K.6 Qualification record <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nAnnexe L (normative) Conditions of supply of the product
L.1 Introduction
L.2 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nL.3 Delivery state
L.4 Unit checks
L.5 Batch sampling check
L.5.1 Checks to be carried out <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nTable L.1 \u2014 Type and minimum number of checks to be carried out
L.5.2 Ultrasonic permeability
L.5.3 Surface finish
L.5.4 Visual inspection
L.6 Quality plan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nL.5.4 Visual inspection
L.6 Quality plan
L.6.1 General
L.6.2 Objectives
L.6.3 Quality Plan terms of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nL.7 Permissible repairs
L.7.1 General
L.7.2 Heat treatment
L.7.3 Retesting
L.7.4 Axle straightening
L.7.5 Re-machining <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nAnnexe M (normative) Measurement of the hydrogen content of steel for axles at the development stage
M.1 General
M.2 Sampling
M.3 Analysis methods
M.4 Precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nAnnexe ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2016\/797\/EC to be fulfilled
Table ZA.1 \u2014 Correspondence between this European standard, Commission Regulation (EU) No. 321\/2013 of 13 March 2013 (and its amendments 1236\/2013 and 2015\/924) regarding the technical specification for interoperability concerning the “rolling stock \u2013… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nTable ZA.2 \u2014 Correspondence between this European standard, Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1302\/2014 of 18 November 2014 regarding the technical specification for interoperability concerning the “rolling stock \u2013 locomotives and passenger vehicles” sub… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nBibliography
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Railway applications. Wheelsets and bogies. Axles. Product requirements<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":271361,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-271357","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/271357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/271361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=271357"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=271357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}