This document provides a methodology for undertaking a water loss investigation and establishing general principles for water loss management in drinking water distribution networks in order to improve the sustainability of drinking water utilities and protect the environment by saving water, energy and use of chemicals.<\/p>\n
This document establishes a procedure to estimate water loss components through water balance calculations and to define general principles of water loss management. This document deals with the preparation of a water loss management plan for water loss reduction and management projects but does not cover its execution.<\/p>\n
This document does not cover bulk drinking water supply systems, but can relate to pumping, storage and transmission within the drinking water distribution network.<\/p>\n
This document can be used analogously for non-public supply systems, raw water and industrial water systems.<\/p>\n
This document is intended for drinking water utilities and other stakeholders.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | National foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4 Defining objectives for the water loss investigation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5 Water loss investigation steps 6 Water loss investigation scope determination 6.1 General 6.2 Water loss investigation area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 6.3 Time period of the water loss investigation 6.4 Units of measurement 7 Data collection and validation methods 7.1 Data collection methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 7.2 Data validation of water balance calculation 7.2.1 Validation methods 7.2.2 Data quality <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 7.2.3 Practices rating 8 Water balance calculation 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 8.2 Parameters of the water balance 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 System input volume 8.2.3 Exported water 8.2.4 Water supplied 8.2.5 Billed authorized use or revenue water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 8.2.6 Unbilled authorized use 8.2.7 Authorized use 8.2.8 Non-revenue water 8.2.9 Water loss 8.2.10 Apparent water loss 8.2.11 Real water loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 9 Water loss performance indicators selection 9.1 General 9.2 Defining performance indicator purposes 9.3 Selecting performance indicators 10 Apparent water loss status assessment 10.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 10.2 Analysis of user database 10.3 Field surveys 10.4 \u200bAssessing unauthorized use 10.5 \u200bAssessing user metering errors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 10.6 \u200bAssessing errors on the data acquisition process 10.7 \u200bAssessing errors in estimates of unmetered use 11 Real water loss status assessment 11.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 11.2 Real water loss components 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 Estimating reported real water loss 11.2.3 Estimating background real water loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 11.2.4 Estimating unreported real water loss 11.2.5 Estimating leakage and storage tanks overflow 11.3 Bursts and active leakage control assessments 12 Real water loss and apparent water loss cost assignment 12.1 General 12.2 Determining the cost impact of apparent water loss components 12.3 Determining the cost impact of real water loss components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 13 Water loss management plan preparation 13.1 General 13.1.1 Introduction 13.1.2 General principles of a water loss management plan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 13.1.3 Water loss management plan stages 13.1.4 Water loss management plan investments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 13.2 General principles for apparent water loss management 13.2.1 General 13.2.2 Unauthorized water use 13.2.3 User metering errors 13.2.4 Data handling errors 13.2.5 Unmetered use estimation errors 13.3 General principles for real water loss management 13.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 13.3.2 Management plan of district metered areas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 13.4 \u200bPlanning an active leakage control management plan 13.5 Pressure management <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 13.6 Improved system maintenance and rehabilitation 14 General principles for water loss target setting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 15 Example of an organizational structure for the management of non-revenue water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Additional guidance on how to measure or calculate elements of water balance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Factors affecting real water loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Performance indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Bursts and background estimate (BABE) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Water loss investigation for intermittent supply networks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Fixed and variable area discharge pressure and leakage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Economic leakage level (ELL): assessing economic level of real water loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | Annex H (informative) Examples of leak detection technologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Annex I (informative) Monitoring an open drinking water distribution network with a virtual district metered area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Annex J (informative) Understanding the effects of uncertainties in data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex K (informative) Using night flow data to assess real water loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Annex L (informative) Dynamic pressure control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater systems. Guideline for a water loss investigation of drinking water distribution networks<\/b><\/p>\n |