Revision Standard – Inactive – Superseded. Metal-oxide surge arresters designed to repeatedly limit the voltage surges on 48-Hz to 62-Hz power circuits by passing surge discharge current and automatically limiting the flow of system power current,are discussed. This standard applies to devices for separate mounting and to those supplied integrally with other equipment.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1<\/td>\n | Title Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits 1. Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 2. References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 3. Definitions 3.1 arrester: See: surge arrester. 3.2 arrester disconnector: A means for disconnecting an arrester in anticipation of, or after, a … 3.3 arrester, distribution, heavy duty class: An arrester normally used to protect overhead distr… 3.4 arrester, distribution, normal duty class: An arrester normally used to protect overhead dist… 3.5 arrester, distribution, light duty class: An arrester normally installed on and used to prote… 3.6 arrester, deadfront type: An arrester assembled in a shielded housing providing system insula… 3.7 arrester, liquid-immersed type: An arrester designed for use immersed in an insulating liquid. 3.8 arrester, riser pole type: An arrester for pole mounting normally used to protect underground… 3.9 arrester unit: Any section of a multi-unit arrester. 3.10 basic impulse insulation level (BIL): A reference impulse insulation strength expressed in t… 3.11 certification tests: Tests run on a regular, periodic basis to verify that selected, key per… 3.12 classification of arresters: Arrester classification is determined by prescribed test requir… 3.13 conformance tests: Tests made, when required, to demonstrate selected performance characteri… 3.14 classifying current: The designated current used to perform the classification tests. 3.15 cracking: The rupture of the weathershed material to depths greater than 0.1 mm. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 3.16 crest (peak) value (of a wave, surge, or impulse): The maximum value that a wave, surge, or … 3.17 current, normal lightning: Lightning currents of 65 kA or less. 3.18 current, severe lightning: Lightning currents greater than 65 kA but not greater than 100 kA. 3.19 deflector: A means for directing the flow of the gas discharge from the vent of the arrester. 3.20 design tests: Tests made on each design to establish the performance characteristics and to … 3.21 discharge counter: A means for recording the number of arrester discharge operations. 3.22 discharge current: The surge current that flows through an arrester. 3.23 discharge indicator: A means for indicating that the arrester has discharged. 3.24 discharge voltage: The voltage that appears across the terminals of an arrester during passa… 3.25 discharge voltage-current characteristic: The variation of the crest values of discharge vol… 3.26 discharge withstand current: The specified magnitude and wave shape of a discharge current t… 3.27 disruptive discharge: The sudden and large increase in current through an insulating medium,… 3.28 duty-cycle voltage rating: The designated maximum permissible voltage between its terminals … 3.29 fault current: The current from the connected power system that flows in a short circuit. 3.30 flashover: A disruptive discharge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator. 3.31 front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage: The impulse sparkover voltage with a wavefront that… 3.32 gapless: Not possessing gaps, series, or parallel as in \u201cgapless arrester.\u201d\u009d 3.33 grading or control ring: A metal part, usually circular or oval in shape, mounted to modify … 3.34 ground terminal: The conducting part provided for connecting the arrester to ground. 3.35 impulse: A surge of unidirectional polarity. 3.36 impulse protective level: For a defined wave shape, the higher of the maximum sparkover valu… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 3.37 impulse protective volt-time characteristic: The discharge-voltage time response of the devi… 3.38 impulse sparkover voltage: The highest value of voltage attained by an impulse of a designat… 3.39 impulse sparkover volt-time characteristic: The gap sparkover response of the device to impu… 3.40 impulse withstand voltage: The crest value of an impulse that, under specified conditions, c… 3.41 indoor arrester: An arrester that, because of its construction, must be protected from the w… 3.42 ionization current: The electric current resulting from the movement of electric charges in … 3.43 ionization voltage: A high-frequency voltage appearing at the terminals of an arrester, gene… 3.44 lightning: An electric discharge that occurs in the atmosphere between clouds or between clo… 3.45 lightning surge: A transient electric disturbance in an electric circuit caused by lightning. 3.46 line terminal: The conducting part of the arrestor provided for connecting the arrester to t… 3.47 maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV): The maximum designated root-mean-square (rms) v… 3.48 maximum system voltage: The highest voltage at which a system is operated. 3.49 metal-oxide surge arrester (MOSA): A surge arrester utilizing valve elements fabricated from… 3.50 nominal rate of rise (of an impulse wavefront): The slope of the line that determines the vi… 3.51 nominal system voltage: A nominal value assigned to designate a system of a given voltage cl… 3.52 operating duty cycle: One or more unit operations, as specified. 3.53 oscillatory surge: A surge that includes both positive and negative polarity values. 3.54 outdoor arrester: An arrester that is designed for outdoor use. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 3.55 power-frequency sparkover voltage: The rms value of the lowest power-frequency sinusoidal vo… 3.56 power-frequency withstand voltage: A specified rms test voltage at power frequency that will… 3.57 production tests: See: routine tests. 3.58 prorated section: A complete, suitably housed part of an arrester, comprising all necessary … 3.59 puncture: Term used when a disruptive discharge occurs through a solid dielectric. A disrupt… 3.60 rating: The designation of an operating limit for a device. 3.61 radio-influence voltage (RIV): A high-frequency voltage, generated by all sources of ionizat… 3.62 reference current (Iref): The peak value of the resistive component of a power frequency cur… 3.63 reference voltage (Vref): The lowest peak value independent of polarity of power frequency v… 3.64 routine tests: Tests made by the manufacturer on every device or representative samples, or … 3.65 series gap: Intentional gap(s) between spaced electrodes in series with the valve elements a… 3.66 shunt gap: Intentional gap(s) between spaced electrodes that is electrically in parallel wit… 3.67 sparkover: A disruptive discharge between electrodes of a measuring gap, voltage-control gap… 3.68 surge: A transient wave of current, potential, or power in an electric circuit. 3.69 surge arrester: A protective device for limiting surge voltages on equipment by diverting su… 3.70 system voltage: The rms power-frequency voltage from line-to-line as distinguished from the … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 3.71 terminals: The conducting parts provided for connecting the arrester across the insulation t… 3.72 time-to-impulse sparkover: The time between virtual zero of the voltage impulse causing spar… 3.73 tracking: Irreversible degradation of surface material from the formation of conductive carb… 3.74 unit operation: A discharge of a surge through an arrester while the arrester is energized. 3.75 valve arrester: An arrester that includes one or more valve elements. 3.76 valve element: A resistor that because of its nonlinear current-voltage characteristic, limi… 3.77 vent: An intentional opening for the escape of gases to the outside. 3.78 virtual duration of wavefront (of an impulse): The virtual value for the duration of the wav… 3.79 virtual zero point (of an impulse): The intersection with the time axis of a straight line d… 3.80 wave: The variation with time of current, potential, or power at any point in an electric ci… 3.81 wavefront (of a surge or impulse): That part that occurs prior to the crest value. 3.82 wave shape (of an impulse test wave): The graph of the wave as a function of time. 3.83 wave shape designation (of an impulse): 3.84 wave tail (of an impulse): That part between the crest value and the end of the impulse. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4. Service conditions 4.1 Usual service conditions 4.1.1 Physical conditions 4.1.2 System conditions 4.2 Unusual service conditions 4.2.1 Physical conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4.2.2 System conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5. Standard voltage ratings: Duty-cycle voltage and MCOV Table 1\u2014 Arrester Ratings in (kV) rms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 6. Performance characteristics and tests 6.1 Insulation withstand tests 6.2 Power-frequency sparkover tests 6.3 Discharge-voltage tests 6.4 Impulse protective level tests 6.5 Discharge-current withstand tests 6.6 Duty-cycle test 6.7 Radio-influence voltage test 6.8 Internal-ionization voltage test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 6.9 Pressure-relief\/fault-current withstand tests 6.10 Contamination tests 6.11 Disconnector tests 6.12 Accelerated aging procedure 6.13 Failure mode tests 6.14 Temporary overvoltage tests 6.15 Seal integrity design test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 7. Test procedures 7.1 Complete arrester test specimens 7.2 Prorated arrester test section 7.2.1 Prorating for discharge voltage tests 7.2.2 Prorating for design tests involving demonstration of thermal recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | (reference voltage scaling factor) (metal-oxide volume scaling factor) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 7.2.2.1 Outdoor arresters 7.2.2.2 Liquid-immersed arresters 7.3 Test measurements 7.4 Impulse test-wave tolerances 7.5 Power-frequency test voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 8. Design tests 8.1 Arrester insulation withstand tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 8.2 Power-frequency sparkover test 8.3 Discharge-voltage characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 8.4 Impulse protective level voltage-time characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.5 Accelerated aging procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.6 Discharge-current withstand tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 8.7 Duty-cycle tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 8.8 Internal-ionization volatge and radio-influence voltage (RIV) tests 8.9 Pressure-relief tests for station and intermediate arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 8.10 Fault-current withstand tests for distribution surge arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 8.11 Distribution arrester disconnector tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 8.12 COntamination test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 8.13 Failure mode test for liquid-immersed arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | 8.14 Deadfront arrester failure mode 8.15 Temporary overvoltage (TOV) tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | 8.16 Accelerated aging tests of external polymeric insulating systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | 8.17. Distribution class surge arrester seal integrity design test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | 9. Conformance tests of valve arresters 9.1 Power-Frequency sparkover test 9.2 Front-of-wave impulse protective level 9.3 Discharge-voltage test 9.4 Internal-ionization voltage and radio-influence voltage (RIV) test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | 10. Construction 10.1 Identification data 10.2 Standard mountings 10.3 Iron and steel parts 10.4 Terminal connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | 10.5 Housing leakage distance 11. Protective characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | 12. Certification test procedures arresters applied to unit substations 12.1 General 12.2 Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 12.3 Evaluation procedure 12.4 Certification 12.5 Production monitoring and product retest requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 13. Routine tests 13.1 Current sharing test 13.2 Discharge volatage test 13.3 Ionization voltage test 13.4 Seal test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | 13.5 Power frequency test 13.6 Power frequency sparkover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex A\u2014Basis for accelerated aging procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Annex B\u2014Surge arrester classification prescribed test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits<\/b><\/p>\n |