API PUBL 4628-1996

$42.25

A Guidance Manual for Modeling Hypothetical Accidental Releases to the Atmosphere

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1996	212

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Description

This manual presents methods for modeling hypothetical accidental releases of fluids into the atmosphere from petroleum process operations. Given a particular type of release (e.g., pipe, break, evaporating pool) and the chemicals or petroleum fractions involved, methods for modeling the release and subsequent dispersion phenomena are treated in a step-wise, comprehensive manner. The reader is presumed to be technically oriented, but not a specialist in the various disciplines represented.

Release phenomena, germane meteorological concepts, and after-the-fact mitigation counter measures are presented for ready reference in this document. First, fluid dynamic and thermodynamic procedures best used to calculate flow rates and initial fluid states for a material being released into the atmosphere are given in some detail, including numerical examples. Next, the essential information required to characterize the atmosphere for dispersion modeling is presented, along with recommended default parameters. Lastly, available quantitative methods for incorporating vapor cloud mitigation methods into the dispersion modeling are presented.

To demonstrate how a number of the modeling procedures can be implemented, detailed simulation of eight hypothetical release scenarios are presented. The assumptions made, the calculation and/or selection of appropriate modeling parameters, use of several well-known modeling programs, and graphical presentation of results obtained are discussed.

It is not possible to present all the information that might be required for the various disciplines involved; however, extensive references are provided.

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