{"id":160935,"date":"2024-10-19T09:40:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T09:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/aci-435r-95-1995\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T01:58:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T01:58:40","slug":"aci-435r-95-1995","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/aci\/aci-435r-95-1995\/","title":{"rendered":"ACI 435R 95 1995"},"content":{"rendered":"

This report presents a consolidated treatment of initial and time-dependent deflection of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements such as simple and continuous beams and one-way and two-way slab systems. It presents the state of the art in practice on deflection as well as analytical methods for computer use in deflection evaluation. The introductory chapter and four main chapters are relatively independent in content. Topics include \u201cDeflection of Reinforced Concrete One-way Flexural Members,\u201d \u201cDeflection of Two-way Slab Systems,\u201d and \u201cReducing Deflection of Concrete Members.\u201d One or two detailed computational examples for evaluating the deflection of beams and two-way action slabs and plates are given at the end of Chapters 2, 3, and 4. These computations are in accordance with the current ACI- or PCI-accepted methods of design for deflection. Keywords: beams; camber; code; concrete; compressive strength; cracking; creep; curvature; deflection; high-strength concrete; loss of prestress; modulus of rupture; moments of inertia; plates; prestressing; pretensioned; post-tensioned; reducing deflection; reinforcement; serviceability;shrinkage; slabs; strains; stresses; tendons; tensile strength; time-dependent deflection.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nCONTENTS
CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nCHAPTER 1\u2014 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1\u2014 INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nCHAPTER 2\u2014 DEFLECTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE- WAY FLEXURAL MEMBERS
CHAPTER 2\u2014 DEFLECTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE- WAY FLEXURAL MEMBERS
2.1\u2014Notation
2.1\u2014Notation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n2.2- General
2.2- General
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Objectives
2.2.2 Objectives
2.2.3 Significance of defection observation
2.2.3 Significance of defection observation
2.3- Material properties
2.3- Material properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n2.3.1 Concrete modulus of rupture
2.3.1 Concrete modulus of rupture
2.3.2 Concrete modulus of elasticity
2.3.2 Concrete modulus of elasticity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n2.3.3 Steel reinforcement modulus of elasticity
2.3.3 Steel reinforcement modulus of elasticity
2.3.4 Concrete creep and shrinkage
2.3.4 Concrete creep and shrinkage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n2.4-Control of deflection
2.4-Control of deflection
2.4.1 Tension steel reinforcement ratio limitations
2.4.1 Tension steel reinforcement ratio limitations
2.4.2 Minimum thickness limitations
2.4.2 Minimum thickness limitations
2.4.3 Computed deflection limitations
2.4.3 Computed deflection limitations
2.5-Short-term deflection
2.5-Short-term deflection
2.5.1 Untracked members
2.5.1 Untracked members <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n2.5.2 Cracked members-Effective moment of inertia Ie
2.5.2 Cracked members-Effective moment of inertia Ie <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n2.5.2.1 Simply supported beams
2.5.2.1 Simply supported beams
2.5.2.2 Continuous beams
2.5.2.2 Continuous beams
2.5.2.3 Approximate Ie estimation
2.5.2.3 Approximate Ie estimation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n2.5.3 Incremental moment-curvature method
2.5.3 Incremental moment-curvature method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n2.6-Long-term deflection
2.6-Long-term deflection
2.6.1 ACI method
2.6.1 ACI method
2.6.2 ACI Committee 435 modified method (Branson,
\n1963, 1977)
2.6.2 ACI Committee 435 modified method (Branson,
\n1963, 1977)
2.6.3 Other methods
2.6.3 Other methods
2.6.3.1 CEB-FIP Model Code simplified method
2.6.3.1 CEB-FIP Model Code simplified method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n2.6.3.2 Section curvature method (Ghali, Favre, andElbadry 2002)
2.6.3.2 Section curvature method (Ghali, Favre, andElbadry 2002)
2.6.4 Finite element method
2.6.4 Finite element method
2.7\u2014Temperature-induced deflections
2.7\u2014Temperature-induced deflections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n2.7.1 Temperature gradient on unrestrained crosssection
2.7.1 Temperature gradient on unrestrained crosssection
2.7.2 Effect of restraint on thermal movement
2.7.2 Effect of restraint on thermal movement
APPENDIX A2
APPENDIX A2
Example A2.1: Deflection of a four-span beam
Example A2.1: Deflection of a four-span beam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nExample A2.2: Temperature-induced deflections
Example A2.2: Temperature-induced deflections
CHAPTER 3- DEFLECTION OF PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE ONE-WAY FLEXURAL MEMBERS
CHAPTER 3- DEFLECTION OF PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE ONE-WAY FLEXURAL MEMBERS
3.1-Notation
3.1-Notation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n3.2- General
3.2- General
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Objectives
3.2.2 Objectives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n3.2.3 Scope
3.2.3 Scope
3.3- Prestressing reinforcement
3.3- Prestressing reinforcement
3.3.1 Types of reinforcement
3.3.1 Types of reinforcement
3.3.1.1 Stress-relieved wires and strands
3.3.1.1 Stress-relieved wires and strands
3.3.1.2 High-tensile-strength prestressing bars
3.3.1.2 High-tensile-strength prestressing bars
3.3.2 Modulus of elasticity
3.3.2 Modulus of elasticity
3.3.3 Steel relaxation
3.3.3 Steel relaxation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n3.4-Loss of prestress
3.4-Loss of prestress
3.4.1 Elastic shortening loss
3.4.1 Elastic shortening loss
3.4.2 Loss of prestress due to creep of concrete
3.4.2 Loss of prestress due to creep of concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n3.4.4 Friction losses in post-tensioned beams
3.4.4 Friction losses in post-tensioned beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n3.5-General approach to deformation considerations -Curvature and deflections
3.5-General approach to deformation considerations -Curvature and deflections
3.5.1 Beams subjected to prestressing only
3.5.1 Beams subjected to prestressing only <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n3.5.2 Beams subjected to prestressing and external loads
3.5.2 Beams subjected to prestressing and external loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n3.5.3 Moment-curvature relationship
3.5.3 Moment-curvature relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n3.6-Short-term deflection and camber evaluation inprestressed beams
3.6-Short-term deflection and camber evaluation inprestressed beams
3.6.1 Uncracked members
3.6.1 Uncracked members
3.6.2 Cracked members
3.6.2 Cracked members <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n3.6.3 Bilinear computation method
3.6.3 Bilinear computation method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n3.6.4 Incremental moment-curvature method
3.6.4 Incremental moment-curvature method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n3.7-Long-term deflection and camber evaluation in prestressedbeams
3.7-Long-term deflection and camber evaluation in prestressedbeams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n3.7.1 PCI multipliers method
3.7.1 PCI multipliers method
3.7.2 Incremental time-steps method
3.7.2 Incremental time-steps method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n3.7.3 Approximate time-steps method
3.7.3 Approximate time-steps method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n3.7.4 Axial strain and curvature method (Ghali-Favre)
3.7.4 Axial strain and curvature method (Ghali-Favre)
3.7.5 Prestress loss method
3.7.5 Prestress loss method
3.7.6 CEB-FIP model code method
3.7.6 CEB-FIP model code method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nAPPENDIX A3
APPENDIX A3
Example A3.1
Example A3.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nExample A3.2
Example A3.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nCHAPTER 4- DEFLECTION OF TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 4- DEFLECTION OF TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
4.1-Notation
4.1-Notation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n4.2-Introduction
4.2-Introduction
4.3-Deflection calculation methods for two-way slabsystems
4.3-Deflection calculation methods for two-way slabsystems
4.3.1 Immediate deflection of uncracked slabs
4.3.1 Immediate deflection of uncracked slabs
4.3.1.1 Classical solutions
4.3.1.1 Classical solutions
4.3.1.2 Crossing beam methods
4.3.1.2 Crossing beam methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n4.3.1.3 Finite element method
4.3.1.3 Finite element method
4.3.2 Effect of cracking
4.3.2 Effect of cracking
4.3.3 Restraint cracking
4.3.3 Restraint cracking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n4.3.4 Long-term deflections
4.3.4 Long-term deflections
4.3.4.1 Detailed calculations
4.3.4.1 Detailed calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n4.3.4.2 ACI multiplier
4.3.4.2 ACI multiplier
4.4-Minimum thickness requirements
4.4-Minimum thickness requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n4.5-Prestressed two-way slab systems
4.5-Prestressed two-way slab systems
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Basic principle for deflection control
4.5.2 Basic principle for deflection control
4.5.3 Minimum stab thickness for deflection control
4.5.3 Minimum stab thickness for deflection control
4.5.4 Methods for defection calculations
4.5.4 Methods for defection calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n4.6-Loads for deflection calculations
4.6-Loads for deflection calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n4.7-Variability of deflections
4.7-Variability of deflections
4.8-Allowable deflections
4.8-Allowable deflections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nAPPENDIX A4
APPENDIX A4
Example A4.1- Deflection design example for long-termdeflection of a two-way slab
Example A4.1- Deflection design example for long-termdeflection of a two-way slab <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nExample A4.2- Deflection calculation for a flat plateusing the crossing beam method
Example A4.2- Deflection calculation for a flat plateusing the crossing beam method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nCHAPTER 5- REDUCING DEFLECTIONOF CONCRETE MEMBERS
CHAPTER 5- REDUCING DEFLECTIONOF CONCRETE MEMBERS
5.1-Introduction
5.1-Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n5.2-Design techniques
5.2-Design techniques
5.2.1 Increasing section depth
5.2.1 Increasing section depth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n5.2.2 Increasing section width
5.2.2 Increasing section width
5.2.3 Addition of compression reinforcement
5.2.3 Addition of compression reinforcement
5.2.4 Addition of tension reinforcement
5.2.4 Addition of tension reinforcement
5.2.5 Prestressing application
5.2.5 Prestressing application
5.2.6 Revision of structure geometry
5.2.6 Revision of structure geometry
5.2.7 Revision of deflection Limit criteria
5.2.7 Revision of deflection Limit criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n5.3-Construction techniques
5.3-Construction techniques
5.3.1 Concrete curing to allow gain in strength
5.3.1 Concrete curing to allow gain in strength
5.3.2 Concrete curing to reduce shrinkage and creep
5.3.2 Concrete curing to reduce shrinkage and creep
5.3.3 Control of shoring and reshoring procedures
5.3.3 Control of shoring and reshoring procedures
5.3.4 Delay of the first loading
5.3.4 Delay of the first loading
5.3.5 Delay in installation of deflection-sensitive
\nelements or equipment
5.3.5 Delay in installation of deflection-sensitive
\nelements or equipment
5.3.6 Location of deflection-sensitive equipment to
\navoid deflection problems
5.3.6 Location of deflection-sensitive equipment to
\navoid deflection problems
5.3.7 Provision of architectural details to accommodate
\nexpected deflection
5.3.7 Provision of architectural details to accommodate
\nexpected deflection
5.3.8 Building camber into floor slabs
5.3.8 Building camber into floor slabs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n5.3.9 Ensuring that top bars are not displaced downward
5.3.9 Ensuring that top bars are not displaced downward
5.4-Materials selection
5.4-Materials selection
5.4.1 Selection of materials for mix design that reduceshrinkage and creep or increase the moduli of elasticity andrupture
5.4.1 Selection of materials for mix design that reduceshrinkage and creep or increase the moduli of elasticity andrupture
5.4.2 Use of concretes with a higher modulus of elasticity
5.4.2 Use of concretes with a higher modulus of elasticity
5.4.3 Use of concretes with a higher modulus of rupture
5.4.3 Use of concretes with a higher modulus of rupture
5.4.4 Addition of short discrete fibers to the concrete
\nmix
5.4.4 Addition of short discrete fibers to the concrete
\nmix
5.5-Summary
5.5-Summary
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nChapter 3
Chapter 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nChapter 4
Chapter 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nChapter 5
Chapter 5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nAPPENDIX B\u2014 DETAILS OF THE SECTION CURVATURE METHOD FOR CALCULATING DEFLECTIONS*
APPENDIX B\u2014 DETAILS OF THE SECTION CURVATURE METHOD FOR CALCULATING DEFLECTIONS*
B1\u2014Introduction
B1\u2014Introduction
B1.1 Notation
B1.1 Notation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nB2\u2014Background
B2\u2014Background
B3\u2014Cross-sectional analysis outline
B3\u2014Cross-sectional analysis outline
B4\u2014Material properties
B4\u2014Material properties
B4.1 Creep
B4.1 Creep <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nB4.2 Shrinkage
B4.2 Shrinkage
B4.3 Relaxation of prestressing steel
B4.3 Relaxation of prestressing steel
B5\u2014Sectional analysis
B5\u2014Sectional analysis
B5.1 Review of basic equations
B5.1 Review of basic equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nB5.2 Instantaneous and time-dependent stress and
\nstrain
B5.2 Instantaneous and time-dependent stress and
\nstrain <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nB5.3 Commentary on the general procedure and on a
\nspecial case (nonprestressed sections subjected to M without
\nN)
B5.3 Commentary on the general procedure and on a
\nspecial case (nonprestressed sections subjected to M without
\nN) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nB6\u2014Calculation when cracking occurs
B6\u2014Calculation when cracking occurs
B7\u2014Tension-stiffening
B7\u2014Tension-stiffening <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nB7.1 Branson\u2019s effective moment of inertia
B7.1 Branson\u2019s effective moment of inertia
B7.2 CEB-FIP approach
B7.2 CEB-FIP approach
B7.3 Other tension stiffening approaches
B7.3 Other tension stiffening approaches
B8\u2014Deflection and change in length of a frame member
B8\u2014Deflection and change in length of a frame member <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nB9-Summary and conclusions
B9-Summary and conclusions
B10\u2014Examples
B10\u2014Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nB11\u2014References
B11\u2014References
B11.1 Referenced standards and reports
B11.1 Referenced standards and reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nB11.2 Cited references
B11.2 Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nCONVERSION FACTORS—INCH-POUND TO SI (METRIC)
CONVERSION FACTORS—INCH-POUND TO SI (METRIC) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

435R-95: Control of Deflection in Concrete Structures (Reapproved 2000)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n1995<\/td>\n89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":160939,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2650],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-160935","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-aci","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/160935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=160935"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=160935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}