{"id":302446,"date":"2024-10-19T20:39:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T20:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-cen-tr-167492014\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T18:11:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T18:11:05","slug":"bsi-pd-cen-tr-167492014","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-cen-tr-167492014\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD CEN\/TR 16749:2014"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Technical Report specifies the classification of the defects and imperfections may be present in cast products manufactured by high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting of aluminium alloys.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n4 Classification of defects and imperfections in high pressure, low pressure and gravity die cast products
4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n4.2 Classification
Table 1 \u2014 Classification of internal defects and imperfections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nTable 2 \u2014 Classification of surface defects and imperfections
Table 3 \u2014 Classification of geometrical defects and imperfections
5 Definition of defects and imperfections
5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n5.2 Shrinkage defects and imperfections
5.3 Gas-related defects and imperfections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n5.4 Filling-related defects and imperfections
5.5 Undesired phases
5.6 Thermal contraction defects and imperfections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n5.7 Metal-die interaction defects and imperfections
5.8 Geometrical defects and imperfections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Description of defects and imperfections in High Pressure, Low Pressure and Gravity Die Cast Products
A.1 Internal defects and imperfections
A.1.1 Shrinkage defects and imperfections
A.1.1.1 Macro-shrinkage (Type A1.1)
Figure A.1 \u2014 Macrograph of macro-shrinkage
A.1.1.2 Interdendritic shrinkage (Type A1.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nFigure A.2 \u2014 Metal flow around dendrites
A.1.1.3 Layer porosity (Type A1.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nFigure A.3 \u2014 Formation of layer porosity
A.1.2 Gas-related defects and imperfections
A.1.2.1 Air entrapment porosity (Type A2.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nFigure A.4 \u2014 Entrapped air porosity in the casting
A.1.2.2 Hydrogen porosity (Type A2.2)
Figure A.5 \u2014 Entrapped air porosity in the casting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nA.1.2.3 Vapor entrapment porosity (Type A2.3)
Figure A.6 \u2014 Schematics of vapor entrapment porosity
A.1.2.4 Lubricant\/release agent entrapment porosity (Type A2.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFigure A.7 \u2014 Schematics of lubricant entrapment porosity
A.1.3 Filling-related defects and imperfections
A.1.3.1 Cold joint (Type A3.1)
Figure A.8 \u2014 Micrograph of a cold joint <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nA.1.3.2 Lamination (Type A3.2)
Figure A.9 \u2014 Schematics of a lamination
A.1.3.3 Cold shot (Type A3.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nFigure A.10 \u2014 Micrograph of a cold shot
A.1.4 Undesired phases
A.1.4.1 Inclusion (Type A4.1)
Figure A.11 \u2014 Image of aluminium oxide
A.1.4.2 Undesired structure (Type A4.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nFigure A.12 \u2014 Micrograph of a region with large dendrites
A.1.5 Thermal contraction defects and imperfections
A.1.5.1 Cold crack (Type A5.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigure A.13 \u2014 Schematics of a cold crack formation
A.1.5.2 Hot tear, hot crack (Type A5.2)
Figure A.14 \u2014 Micrograph of a hot crack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nA.2 Surface defects and imperfections
A.2.1 Shrinkage defects and imperfections
A.2.1.1 Sink (Type B1.1)
Figure A.15 \u2014 External surface of a sink <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nA.2.2 Gas-related defects and imperfections
A.2.2.1 Blister (Type B2.1)
Figure A.16 \u2014 Example of blisters
A.2.2.2 Pinhole (Type B2.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nFigure A.17 \u2014 Example of pinholes
A.2.3 Filling-related defects and imperfections
A.2.3.1 Cold joint and vortex (Type B3.1)
Figure A.18 \u2014 Macrograph showing a vortex <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nA.2.3.2 Lamination (Type B3.2)
Figure A.19 \u2014 Surface lamination
A.2.3.3 Cold shot (Type B3.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nFigure A.20 \u2014 Macrograph of a surface cold shot
A.2.4 Undesired phases
A.2.4.1 Surface deposit (Type B4.1)
Figure A.21 \u2014 Macrograph of a deposit
A.2.4.2 Contaminant or inclusion (Type B4.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFigure A.22 \u2014 Macrograph of a contaminant
A.2.5 Thermal contraction defects and imperfections
A.2.5.1 Cold crack (Type B5.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure A.23 \u2014 Image of a crack
A.2.5.2 Hot tear, hot crack (Type B5.2)
Figure A.24 \u2014 Macrograph of a hot crack
A.2.6 Metal\/die interaction defects and imperfections
A.2.6.1 Erosion (Type B6.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure A.25 \u2014 Image of a casting defect\/imperfection caused by die-erosion
A.2.6.2 Soldering (Type B6.2)
Figure A.26 \u2014 Example of soldering effects on the die
A.2.6.3 Thermal fatigue marks (Type B6.3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nFigure A.27 \u2014 A casting defect\/imperfection caused by the presence of thermal fatigue cracks on the die
A.2.6.4 Ejection mark (Type B6.4)
Figure A.28 \u2014 Image of an ejection mark
A.2.6.5 Corrosion of the die (Type B6.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nFigure A.29 \u2014 Image of a casting obtained with a corroded die
A.3 Geometry defects and imperfections
A.3.1 Lack of material – Incompleteness (Type C1.1)
Figure A.30 \u2014 Example of incomplete casting
A.3.2 Excess of material – Flash (Type C2.1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nFigure A.31 \u2014 Example of flash
A.3.3 Out of tolerance – Deformation (Type C3.1)
Figure A.32 \u2014 Schematics of out of tolerances castings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Translations of defects and imperfections terminology
Table B.1 \u2014 Translations of defects and imperfections terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Examples of detection techniques and size of defects and imperfections
Table C.1 \u2014 Examples of detection techniques and size of defects and imperfections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Classification of Defects and Imperfections in High Pressure, Low Pressure and Gravity Die Cast Products<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":302451,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[1100,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-302446","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-77-120-10","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/302446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=302446"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=302446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}